【每日阅读训练第二期——速度越障5系列】【5-21】

babybearmm

越障 6'20''

This article sounds like a news in scientific advance, mainly describing results that came from a new study.

Dr. SP is an anthropology professor at Max Plank Institute. His philosophy is: to understand "what makes our humans", we cannot limit study to humans only, rather we have to compare human-being to its near ancestors. His previous work on fossils inspired the movie "Jurassic Park". He previously studied N.... and xxxx (a kind of pre-historic human in Asia).

Here comes to the study of focus. He has been collaborating with a group in CAS to study the genetic basis of the primite evolution - how humans differ from apes.

Animal models: rhesus monkey, chipazee, human
Methods:
For each animal model, take the cells from two parts of the brains: dorsolateral part (related to logic and social activities, strong in humans) and lateral part (related to mannual works). Extract the RNA. Use RNA chip to analyze the expression of genes.

Results (6 points):
~Some patterns of gene expression are unique to human, while some others are unique to rhesus monkey.
~The genes highly expressed in human (compared with the other two) are related to higher intellectual activities, for example, participated in the process of linking neurons with synapse to form neuronal network.
~The expressions of these genes are tightly regulated. Mostly, high level of expression found in childhood and youth.  
~The identified genes form several groups (called modules), each of which consists of a number of genes with a particular function and regulated cooperatively.
...

In this study, they also identified a gene sequence that is in present-day human-beings but not in Nxxxx (a kind of prehistoric human). This sequence contains transcription factors.... More studies to carry out ... would be important for the understanding of the evolution of homo sapien.

babybearmm

速度：
1'19''  1'14''  1'51''  1'11''  1'23''
挺喜欢今天的文章，谢谢shelvey!

babybearmm

xinono真厉害啊，6点都记下来了，最后两个合并就是.
我发觉每次这种一堆bullet points我都顶多记住4点啊，超过4点往往就记不住了。有啥窍门么？求教....

okay~ 越障..

有好几天没认真做越障了~

to find out how unique human is, we need to find something to compare with first. inspired by 侏罗纪公园, Mr. P started some research on comparing genes of human, chimpanzees, and some monkeys of the modern species.

they examine the RNA, which carries the instructions for the cells to function. they are able to create some chips, which can simulate the DNA strands or something.

then with those chips, they found the following:
1. they found some unique genes, some only unique in human, some only unique in chimpanzees.
2. the unique genes in human are more than those in chimpanzees.
3. the active time of unique genes in human is longer than that of those in chimpanzees.
4. the unique genes of human are more found at the prefrontal cortex.
5. unique genes are more active when the host is young.
6. the unique genes seem to be related, and work in groups.
7. unique genes inter-connect some nerves

(为什么出来了7点啊!!! darn it.... it should be 6 i think... )

then summary.

then talking about it's not possible to get the genes evolution or something of the old fossils, and probably will never be. it might be possible in the future to use some of what they've found to create some simulations of part of the old genes.

-- by 会员 xinnono (2012/2/4 10:21:22)

泾渭不凡

1'34''
1'34''
2'09''
1'25''
1'42''

h14zpsn

1'34''
1'34''
2'09''
1'25''
1'42''

-- by 会员 泾渭不凡 (2012/2/4 22:31:08)

饭饭要做越障啊！！！！

h14zpsn

1"09"03
1"24"06
1"30"05
1"37"03
1"54"05

越障：
这篇讲的是对于人类基因的研究：
1：人类为什么那么特殊呢？有些人就开始对人的基因开始研究了
2：由于基因DNA的不同而产生人类行为的unique
3：讨论了cortex的不同，从而以此为突破口来研究
4：通过copy DNA的RNA来研究人类的不同，同时比较human，chimpanzee, and monkey的不同来得出结论。
5：人类的大脑的可塑性要不另外的两种要高。并且因此不同时期的基因表达早就了人类的不同。

泾渭不凡

饭饭要做越障啊！！！！

-- by 会员 h14zpsn (2012/2/5 0:53:34)

完了~~被抓了~~好吧~~饭饭尽快补作业~~~

wuye1990

越障：4'27''
讲了一个人研究古人类的基因。他通过对比某地区和某地区的原始人类基因发现了他们许多共同之处。
后来他又研究中国的一个古人类，然后将这些收集到的信息与猴子，猩猩的基因进行了对比。
通过对比RNA，他发现，人类的基因中有猴子和猩猩没有的东西，猴子猩猩的基因中也有人类没有的东西。这些基因使得细胞中的什么junction 怎么着了。。。。
总结一下就是人类的基因有助于人类大脑的plastic,并且这种plastic 超过了猴子和猩猩。
人们期待随着技术进步更精确的研究

shelvey

速度：
1'19''  1'14''  1'51''  1'11''  1'23''
挺喜欢今天的文章，谢谢shelvey!

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/2/4 20:34:55)

嘿嘿，NYK里面的文章都比较文艺呀！这篇是关于wikileaks的，相信很多人都关心过吧，国内对这个热议很多呢~~

143
187
197
172
201

xinnono

xinono真厉害啊，6点都记下来了，最后两个合并就是.
我发觉每次这种一堆bullet points我都顶多记住4点啊，超过4点往往就记不住了。有啥窍门么？求教....

okay~ 越障..

有好几天没认真做越障了~

to find out how unique human is, we need to find something to compare with first. inspired by 侏罗纪公园, Mr. P started some research on comparing genes of human, chimpanzees, and some monkeys of the modern species.

they examine the RNA, which carries the instructions for the cells to function. they are able to create some chips, which can simulate the DNA strands or something.

then with those chips, they found the following:
1. they found some unique genes, some only unique in human, some only unique in chimpanzees.
2. the unique genes in human are more than those in chimpanzees.
3. the active time of unique genes in human is longer than that of those in chimpanzees.
4. the unique genes of human are more found at the prefrontal cortex.
5. unique genes are more active when the host is young.
6. the unique genes seem to be related, and work in groups.
7. unique genes inter-connect some nerves

(为什么出来了7点啊!!! darn it.... it should be 6 i think... )

then summary.

then talking about it's not possible to get the genes evolution or something of the old fossils, and probably will never be. it might be possible in the future to use some of what they've found to create some simulations of part of the old genes.

-- by 会员 xinnono (2012/2/4 10:21:22)

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/2/4 20:43:54)

我在读的时候知道后面要写总结, 所以就多留意使劲记了一下... 其实考试的时候, 如果见到这种大量的12345, 你就读懂就好, 不要使劲记住~ 有题的时候回原文定位就好~ 我这个其实不适合实战哦~ 就是平时练习记忆而已~

平时练的时候, 其实这些大举例也都是有规律的~ 比如这篇文章里, 先说在人和动物中都发现unique genes; 然后是how different, 1 is the quantity, 2 is time lasting; 然后重点说人, 分别从where, when, and how来讲.

这个其实也是你问到我了, 我才发现... 读的时候没想这么多其实~ 不过多少也是去找一些逻辑的组织结构~