求教OG verbal 2nd CR-Q78

teddybearj4

78.    Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
The figures in portraits by the Spanish painter El Greco (1541-1614) are systematically elongated.
In El Greco's time, the intentional distortion of human figures was unprecedented in European painting. Consequently, some critics have suggested that El Greco had an astigmatism, a type of visual impairment, that resulted in people appearing to him in the distorted way that is characteristic of his paintings. Flowever, this suggestion cannot be the explanation, because    .
(A)    several twentieth-century artists have consciously adopted from El Greco’s paintings the systematic elongation of the human form
(B)    some people do have elongated bodies somewhat like those depicted in El Greco's portraits
(C)    if El Greco had an astigmatism, then, relative to how people looked to him, the elongated figures in his paintings would have appeared to him to be distorted
(D)    even if El Greco had an astigmatism, there would have been no correction for it available in the period in which he lived
(E)    there were non-European artists, even in
El Greco's time, who included in their works human figures that were intentionally distorted

正确答案是C，一直不明白为什么B是不对的啊~能不能解释一下B、C？
谢谢！

sdcar2010

The logic is the following:
Some critics suggest that the painter had a weird disease which caused people appearing to the painter in a distorted way as shown in the paintings.  The author disagrees on the ground that if the painter had that disease and the figures he drew in his painting is what the painter SAW in his diseased state, then these figures would appear abnormal to the painter.

To put it another way, the critics says that an object A (normal) will appear as B (distorted) in the painter's eyes.  That's perfectly fine.  However, when the painter draw that B (distorted) in his eyes onto the canvas as figures C in his painting, C should look more like A than like B because in the painter's eyes, the images of both A and C are the same!  So figures in his painting would still appear normal (to normal people) even if the painter had that terrible disease. The normal figures in thess paintings would also appear "normal" to the painter's eyes, although these figures might be "distorted" in the normal sense!

That said, the distorted figures in his painting must be distorted in the painter's eyes and in a normal persone's eyes if we assume the painter drew whatever he observed.

B) on the other hand, is not the kind of conclusion the passage is driving at. There is no support in the passage for B.

teddybearj4

谢谢sdcar2010大神的回答~也就是有种负负得正的感觉，如果画家有眼病他看到的是distort的，看着画出来的应该更接近normal而不是distort的~

fzyeric

画家画的画肯定是和他看到东西的尺寸一样的，因此即便画中的figure被distort了，那也是他看到的样子啊，不应该像选项C说的那样他看实物一个样，看画又是另外一个样了啊？而B则说明确实存在这样的人，不是因为画家有眼病才画出那样画的。

还是不明白为什么B错C对，请NN指教！

sdcar2010

Focus on the conclusion. The whole argument centers about the cause of the the distorted figures in a painter's paintings. Even if B is right, we still do not know whether it is the disease which caused the painter to paint those distorted figures. So simply based on B), one cannot reach the prescribed conclusion.

We are looking for a SUFFICIENT assumption here (the missing link). B) is not sufficient (two possible outcomes), similar to DS questions in GMAT math.

画家画的画肯定是和他看到东西的尺寸一样的，因此即便画中的figure被distort了，那也是他看到的样子啊，不应该像选项C说的那样他看实物一个样，看画又是另外一个样了啊？而B则说明确实存在这样的人，不是因为画家有眼病才画出那样画的。

还是不明白为什么B错C对，请NN指教！

-- by 会员 fzyeric (2012/2/19 23:58:05)

teddybearj4

sdcarNN的sufficient assumption是不是就是有点结果（conclusion）成立的条件这个意思？因为我从学数学开始就一直对充分、必要条件迷糊。

conclusion是“不是因为画家有眼病造成他画出来的画distortion的”，而B选项被画的人身材是怎样实际上是无关的。C选项否定了sufficient assumption“画家有眼病”，结果就变成了“画里面的人对于他是distortion的”（与实际结果也相反，因为画家能画出来对于他肯定是正常的）。

下面的这个题是不是也是sufficient assumption呀？

Studies in restaurants show that the tips left by customers who pay their bill in cash tend to be larger when the bill is presented on a tray that bears a credit-card logo.Consumer psychologists hypothesize that simply seeing a credit-card logo makes many credit-card holders willing to spend more because it reminds them that their spending power exceeds the cash they have immediately available.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the psychologists’ interpretation of the studies?

A.The effect noted in the studies is not limited to patrons who have credit cards.

B.Patrons who are under financial pressure from their credit-card obligations tend to tip less when presented with a restaurant bill on a tray with credit-card logo than when the tray has no logo.

C.In virtually all of the cases in the studies, the patrons who paid bills in cash did not possess credit cards.

D.In general, restaurant patrons who pay their bills in cash leave larger tips than do those who pay by credit card.

E.The percentage of restaurant bills paid with given brand of credit card increases when that credit card’s logo is displayed on the tray with which the bill is prepared.

OA：B。
我觉得他的sufficient assumption是不是“people arenot under financial pressure”，conclusion是“customs will give more tips”。
B选项就是否定assumption说“people are under financial pressure”，结果就会变成“tip less”？

Focus on the conclusion. The whole argument centers about the cause of the the distorted figures in a painter's paintings. Even if B is right, we still do not know whether it is the disease which caused the painter to paint those distorted figures. So simply based on B), one cannot reach the prescribed conclusion.

We are looking for a SUFFICIENT assumption here (the missing link). B) is not sufficient (two possible outcomes), similar to DS questions in GMAT math.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2012/2/20 1:00:17)

wonder123

题目问的是能解释suggestion是错误的原因，也就是画家的眼病的这个sugesstion错误的原因。----即削弱画家得眼病

c：正确。如果画家有眼病（散光），那么，人们呈现给他的样子就是拉长的（相对于真人），他按照拉长的样子把其画到画上，但是此时他看到自己的画时，画里的人物样子又是拉长的（相对于他的画---此时相对于真人就是拉长之后再拉长），那么他就会知道他的画跟他看到的不一样，拉长了（相对于真人拉长了两次，相对于画家的感知拉长了一次），可是他却听之任之，作何解释，于是，就说明他没眼病了。

solerzxy

wonder123 发表于 2012-9-11 12:14
题目问的是能解释suggestion是错误的原因，也就是画家的眼病的这个sugesstion错误的原因。----即削弱画家得 ...

看你的回复终于弄懂这道题了！！！感谢啊！

Hendy

look through a magnifying glass at a letter, make a copy of the letter (while still looking through the glass), and then take the magnifying glass away. the letters will be the same size.

kennichan2011

V2. 血液含氧量，（给出定义），对人体是很关键的。某某公司生产富氧水（就是含氧气的水），号称对人有好处，可以补充血液含氧量。但这个说法是不对的，《因为人体血液吸收氧气的唯一途径是通过肺》。问下面哪个选项能和以上黑体部分起同样作用？
C）人们在运动时，血液里的含氧量已经足够了
E）那些大牛运动员，他们不喝这个富氧水，一样创造世界记录。选C

[size=1em]这是boldface和support题目相结合 [size=1em]首先要判断boldface的作用，support main conclusion [size=1em]其次，就是寻找同样support的evidence，一石二鸟 [size=1em]这个题的关键点是 肌肉从血液中吸收的氧气 [size=1em]削弱这个，一是，只有通过肺 [size=1em]二是  血液中的氧气已经足够肌肉吸收了，达到饱和状态了