【每日逻辑练习第二季】【2-18】

cyndichiang

精炼 2‘04’‘
premise:sympathy is more likely to be elicited from large mammals than other kinds of organisms
conclusion: Publicity campaigns for endangered species are unlikely to have much impact on the most important environmental problems
Q:assumption
prephrase:有GAP ，要同时提到sympathy和public campaign的关系
选错了选A
本题的内容是：对于那些最严重的环境问题，那些对于濒临生物，公众活动没有什么影响---》因为公众会更加的同情大型动物而非其他的一些生态机体
(A)The most important environmental problems involve endangered species other than large mammals.
---correct, 文章中有GAP 就是那些最严重的环境问题是否是濒危生物而非大型生物产生的
(B)Microorganisms cannot experience pain or have other feelings.
-----irrelevant;文章没说生物是否经历疼痛跟同情的关系
(C)Publicity campaigns for the environment are the most effective when they elicit sympathy for some organism. -----shell game，说了publicity campaign的特点，结论的特点，也有可能最有效的活动对濒危物种没有影响，assumption应该是有关对那种濒临物种的讨论

(D)People ignore environmental problems unless they believe the problems will affect creatures with which they sympathize. 错选的选项。out of scope;“Ignore” goes further than what the author implies.The author indicates that it is “more difficult to elicit sympathy for other kinds of organisms,” but the author does not say it is impossible to get sympathy from individuals if a non-large mammal is involved；主观了，一定要客观

(E)An organism can be environmentally significant only if it affects large ecosystems or agriculture.
------irrelevant;例子不能用来解释原因和结论的关系

echo-LUO

精练：
公众活动很难对重要的环境问题产生大的影响——>因为，除了一些大型哺乳动物，一些小的，不为人知的生物无法唤起人们的同情心
gap：人们只有被唤起同情心，才会关注环境问题
(A)The most important environmental problems involve endangered species other than large mammals.
(B)Microorganisms cannot experience pain or have other feelings.
(C)Publicity campaigns for the environment are the most effective when they elicit sympathy for some organism.
(D)People ignore environmental problems unless they believe the problems will affect creatures with which they sympathize. ——>符合gap
(E)An organism can be environmentally significant only if it affects large ecosystems or agriculture.
错选D：
Answer choice (D): This answer choice is worded too strongly and is an Exaggerated answer. “Ignore” goes further than what the author implies. The author indicates that it is “more difficult to elicit sympathy for other kinds of organisms,” but the author does not say it is impossible to get sympathy from individuals if a non-large mammal is involved. Further, the argument is specific about the impact on the “most important” problems, and this answer goes well beyond that domain.


逻辑链：
81.
在汽车很多的地方的小孩子lead含量很高——>尽管汽油已经从几年前就不含lead——>汽车尾气排放的lead回家土壤里保留hin多年
gap：土壤如何进入身体？
A. Sales of lead-based paint for use in homes was banned in Arumville in 1977.
B. Vehicle traffic in most residential areas of Arumville is heavier today than it was twenty years ago.
C. Some lead in the soil comes from deteriorating lead-based paint on the exteriors of buildings.
D. In Arumville, children's blood-lead levels typically rise during the warm summer months when children frequently play outdoors but not in the winter when children spend more time indoors. 说明是在室外不是在室内吸入leadE. If improperly carried out, the removal of lead-based paint from older houses can significantly increase the risk that children living in such houses will ingest lead dust.


82.
太阳能发电技术提高，效率提高——>但the threshold of economic viability for solar power没有提高
脑洞: oil的技术也提高，两者差距没有缩短
A. The cost of oil has fallen dramatically.
B. The reduction in the cost of solar-power equipment has occurred despite increased raw material costs for that equipment. 比较犹豫的，但由于文中强调和oil的对比，所以还是选择A
C. Technological changes have increased the efficiency of oil-fired power plants. 纠结.....TAT
D. Most electricity is generated by coal-fired or nuclear, rather than oil-fired, power plants.
E. When the price of oil increases, reserves of oil not previously worth exploiting become economically viable.
关于A和C选项：
Ron：[size=14.007px]in this case, the problem is saying that solar power has gotten more efficient, but also that there has been no change in the target price of oil to achieve price equity with solar power. the only way this can be true is if [size=14.0084px]something else related to oil-driven power, aside from the actual price of oil, has become cheaper[size=14.007px] in line with the improvements in solar power.
[size=14.007px]read the passage carefully: the conclusion is about "the price per barrel to[size=14.0084px] which oil would have to rise[size=14.007px] ([size=14.0084px]theoretically[size=14.007px]) in order for new solar power plants to be more economical".
[size=14.007px]therefore, we are thinking about a potential threshold price for oil at which something would happen. the current price of oil -- or, indeed, the current state of absolutely anything regarding oil -- is irrelevant, so you can strike choices a/c very quickly.[size=14.007px]

83.
刚做过


84.
A. in the territory served by the banks the proportion of counterfeit checks that are made using electronic scanners has remained approximately constant over the past few years
B. most counterfeiters who use electronic scanners counterfeit checks only for relatively large amounts of money
C. the smallest dots on the proposed checks cannot be distinguished visually except under strong magnification
D. most corporations served by these banks will not have to pay more for the new checks than for traditional checks
E. the size of the smallest dots that generally available electronic scanners are able to reproduce accurately will not decrease significantly in the near future——>取非，那防伪工作的质量就不好说了

Lincy123

P：很难让人们对大哺乳动物之外的其他生物比如微生物有同情心
C：濒危物种保护运动对保护环境没啥作用
Assumption：对微生物有同情心。和保护环境
C）取非，环境的公众运动，对一些微生物的同情心不是最有效的。Correct（x）题目说的是濒危物种的公众运动，不是环境
A）最重要的环境问题涉及非大型哺乳动物的其他物种

P：尽管1990年开始汽油不含铅，但交通工具排放的铅会残留在泥土里很多年
C：小孩血液中的铅含量来自汽油
Strengthen
D）下天的时候在外面玩，小孩铅含量高correct

太阳能高效低本，但threshold不变
Threshold：为了新太阳能工厂比燃油工厂更便宜，每桶油会上涨的价格
A）        油的成本降低 correct（x）除了油价之外还有其他因素影响总成本，c更优
C）燃油工厂的效率提高

P：有些酿酒商酿不含sulfite的添加剂
C：对s过敏的人可以喝
Weaken：不添加还是会油s
A）        s是自然产生的。Correct

P：支票上会有很小的点点，如果复印点会连在一起，并出现void
C：防止高质量印刷机伪造支票
Weaken 这题猜的 选不出 题目依然问的是assumption，只是这个假设有待考证（questionable）
e）        点的size不会变小。Correct