【每日逻辑练习第二季】【2-15】

fox0923

逻辑小分队的成员期末考试后回归，再次重磅出击~

[BIBLE CR]


2. Barnes: The two newest employees at this company
have salaries that are too high for the simple
tasks normally assigned to new employees and
duties that are too complex for inexperienced
workers. Hence, the salaries and the complexity
of the duties of these two newest employees
should be reduced.
Which one of the following is an assumption on
which Barnes’s argument depends?
(A) The duties of the two newest employees are not
less complex than any others in the company.
(B) It is because of the complex duties assigned
that the two newest employees are being paid
more than is usually paid to newly hired
employees.
(C) The two newest employees are not experienced
at their occupations.
(D) Barnes was not hired at a higher-than-average
starting salary.
(E) The salaries of the two newest employees are no
higher than the salaries that other companies
pay for workers with a similar level of
experience.


[PREP CR]


65.    (34047-!-item-!-188;#058&007611)


Treatment for hypertension forestalls certain medical expenses by preventing strokes and heart disease.  Yet any money so saved amounts to only one-fourth of the expenditures required to treat the hypertensive population.  Therefore, there is no economic justification for preventive treatment for hypertension.


Which of the following, if true, is most damaging to the conclusion above?


(A) The many fatal strokes and heart attacks resulting from untreated hypertension cause insignificant medical expenditures but large economic losses of other sorts.
(B) The cost, per patient, of preventive treatment for hypertension would remain constant even if such treatment were instituted on a large scale.
(C) In matters of health care, economic considerations should ideally not be dominant.
(D) Effective prevention presupposes early diagnosis, and programs to ensure early diagnosis are costly.
(E) The net savings in medical resources achieved by some preventive health measures are smaller than the net losses attributable to certain other measures of this kind.


66.    (34095-!-item-!-188;#058&007612)


The sustained massive use of pesticides in farming has two effects that are especially pernicious.  First, it often kills off the pests' natural enemies in the area.  Second, it often unintentionally gives rise to insecticide-resistant pests, since those insects that survive a particular insecticide will be the ones most resistant to it, and they are the ones left to breed.


From the passage above, it can be properly inferred that the effectiveness of the sustained massive use of pesticides can be extended by doing which of the following, assuming that each is a realistic possibility?


(A) Using only chemically stable insecticides
(B) Periodically switching the type of insecticide used
(C) Gradually increasing the quantities of pesticides used
(D) Leaving a few fields fallow every year
(E) Breeding higher-yielding varieties of crop plants


67.    (34143-!-item-!-188;#058&007613)


Transnational cooperation among corporations is experiencing a modest renaissance among United States firms, even though projects undertaken by two or more corporations under a collaborative agreement are less profitable than projects undertaken by a single corporation.  The advantage of transnational cooperation is that such joint international projects may allow United States firms to win foreign contracts that they would not otherwise be able to win.


Which of the following is information provided by the passage?


(A) Transnational cooperation involves projects too big for a single corporation to handle.
(B) Transnational cooperation results in a pooling of resources leading to high-quality performance.
(C) Transnational cooperation has in the past been both more common and less common than it is now among United States firms.
(D) Joint projects between United States and foreign corporations are not profitable enough to be worth undertaking.
(E) Joint projects between United States and foreign corporations benefit only those who commission the projects.


68.    (34191-!-item-!-188;#058&007616)


Leaders of a miners' union on strike against Coalco are contemplating additional measures to pressure the company to accept the union's contract proposal.  The union leaders are considering as their principal new tactic a consumer boycott against Gasco gas stations, which are owned by Energy Incorporated, the same corporation that owns Coalco.


The answer to which of the following questions is LEAST directly revelant to the union leaders' consideration of whether attempting a boycott of Gasco will lead to acceptance of their contract proposal?


(A) Would revenue losses by Gasco seriously affect Energy Incorporated?
(B) Can current Gasco customers easily obtain gasoline elsewhere?
(C) Have other miners' unions won contracts similar to the one proposed by this union?
(D) Have other unions that have employed a similar tactic achieved their goals with it?
(E) Do other corporations that own coal companies also own gas stations?

fox0923

Bible Analysis:


Assumption Problem Set Answer Key
must also participate outside the family. This answer does not suggest otherwise, and it is not an
assumption of the argument.
Question #2. Assumption. October 1999 LSAT, Section 1, #5. The correct answer choice is (C)
The stimulus to this problem contains a Shell Game, and you must read closely in order to identify it: in the
first sentence the author equates “new employees” with “inexperienced workers.” Of course, a new
employee is not necessarily inexperienced (the employee could have transferred from another company,
etc.). The assumption that new employees are inexperienced is reflected in the correct answer, (C).
Answer choice (A): The author notes that the duties of the two new employees are too complex for them,
but the author does not compare or imply a comparison to the tasks of other workers.
Answer choice (B): The author makes no assumption as to why the two new employees are being paid the
salary they receive, only that their salary should be reduced. For example, the reason the employees are
paid more could be that they are related to the owner of the company.
Answer choice (C): This is the correct answer, a Supporter.
Answer choice (D): This answer is an immediate Loser. No discussion or assumption is made about
Barnes’ salary.
Answer choice (E): This answer would hurt the argument, and therefore it can never be an assumption of
the argument.




[PREP CR Answer]: ABCE

fox0923

精练------------------20s-----------------assumption


Premise：The newest two employees are signed with too high salaries and assigned with too complex tasks.
Conclusion: The employees' salaries should be reduced.
Prephrase: These two newest employees are not experienced workers.


Analysis:(A) The duties of the two newest employees are not
less complex than any others in the company.-------------------the comparison among these new employees and others does not help the conclusion.
(B) It is because of the complex duties assigned
that the two newest employees are being paid
more than is usually paid to newly hired
employees.--------------------------------------------------------------we don't have to know this reason.
(C) The two newest employees are not experienced
at their occupations.--------------------------------------------------yeah!
(D) Barnes was not hired at a higher-than-average
starting salary.----------------------------------------------------------what the standard of its salary offered is irrelevant.
(E) The salaries of the two newest employees are no
higher than the salaries that other companies
pay for workers with a similar level of
experience.--------------------------------------------------------------no need to compare this company with other companies.

corneliaflower

狐狐现在发帖不用隐藏选项了吗？

myancamel

premise:two newest too high salary and too complicate the tast signed
conclusion: should reduce the salary and task
assumption:
prephrase：
support:年轻人不能handle这些
eliminate:之前没人能做好这些，薪水比原来高但现在水平不算高，task也是

answer：C
the young guys have not enough experience.

选项分析
(A) The duties of the two newest employees are not
less complex than any others in the company.
取反，这两个人的职责比别人的简单；没有削弱argument，所以不对
(B) It is because of the complex duties assigned
that the two newest employees are being paid
more than is usually paid to newly hired
employees.
这个答案不是must be true，
而且这个说法更像是weaken了argument
(C) The two newest employees are not experienced
at their occupations.
简单的就是正确的，非常干净，正向must be true,取反后weaken
(D) Barnes was not hired at a higher-than-average
starting salary.
out of scope
(E) The salaries of the two newest employees are no
higher than the salaries that other companies
pay for workers with a similar level of
experience.
out of scope

evamimi

P:The two newest employees at this company have salaries that are too high for the simple tasks normally assigned to new employees
P:duties that are too complex for inexperienced workers
C:the salaries and the complexity of the duties of these two newest employees should be reduced.

Prephase: Salries are too high for normal assignment ---Works are too complex--??---Salary should be reduced

Answer:B

在BC中间纠结了半天，最后选了B。。。
想了半天才想明白，虽然C的正确是那么明显...

leewonting

苦逼啊！这次prep错了三个= =

jetyxo

1  16"  premise:  new employees :  simple task+ too complex duty for inexperience workers--------> the salary is too high          
         conclusion: company should reduce their salaries
          assumption? the new wmployees can not finish too complex duty/ they are not experience workers
           answer? C
----------------------------------------------------
2 52"  background:  treatment for hy fallstalls some desease so reduce  future therapy expense
          premise: money saved is only 1/4 expense on hy therapy
          conclusion: the preventive treatment is not economic
          weaken?  A
-----------------------------------------------------
3 41" background: extensive use of pestcide has two effect: 1> kill pests' natural enemies
                                                                                             2>most pest become resistant to the pestcide
       infer? B
-----------------------------------------------------
4 35"  background:  transnational coorperate is popular in US ----> singal coperation is more profitable> many coorperative coperations
         reason: transnational coorperate can help companies win more international contracts
         infer? international contracts are more profitable than national contracts
         A  B E unknown ; D contrary.    answer: C------modest  renaissance
----------------------------------------------------
5 47" background: to pressure company accept one proposal, union leader plan to boycott G,which is under contral of the company
         support? the union is the domian consumer of G,and G is very important for the company
         answer:A
        题目看漏LEAST, answer:E

xiongyz

1.    27s
P: The two newest employees at this company have salaries that are too high for the simple tasks normally assigned to new employees and duties that are too complex for inexperienced workers.
C: Hence, the salaries and the complexity of the duties of these two newest employees should be reduced.
Assumption:  the new employees did not do their work well
(A) The duties of the two newest employees are not less complex than any others in the company. ---irrelevant
(B) It is because of the complex duties assigned that the two newest employees are being paid more than is usually paid to newly hired employees. ---maybe support，看了解释：没有支持要减少的原因
(C) The two newest employees are not experienced at their occupations. ---correct
(D) Barnes was not hired at a higher-than-average starting salary. ---irrelevant
(E) The salaries of the two newest employees are no higher than the salaries that other companies pay for workers with a similar level of experience. ---weaken

2.    42s
P: Treatment for hypertension forestalls certain medical expenses by preventing strokes and heart disease.  Yet any money so saved amounts to only one-fourth of the expenditures required to treat the hypertensive population.  
C: Therefore, there is no economic justification for preventive treatment for hypertension.
Weaken: 治疗strokes and heart disease的钱economic
(A) The many fatal strokes and heart attacks resulting from untreated hypertension cause insignificant medical expenditures but large economic losses of other sorts. ---correct
(B) The cost, per patient, of preventive treatment for hypertension would remain constant even if such treatment were instituted on a large scale. ---cost constant, so treatment is needed,  weaken
(C) In matters of health care, economic considerations should ideally not be dominant. -irrelevant
(D) Effective prevention presupposes early diagnosis, and programs to ensure early diagnosis are costly. ---support
(E) The net savings in medical resources achieved by some preventive health measures are smaller than the net losses attributable to certain other measures of this kind. ---support

3.    55s
P: The sustained massive use of pesticides in farming has two effects that are especially pernicious.  First, it often kills off the pests' natural enemies in the area.  Second, it often unintentionally gives rise to insecticide-resistant pests, since those insects that survive a particular insecticide will be the ones most resistant to it, and they are the ones left to breed.

From the passage above, it can be properly inferred that the effectiveness of the sustained massive use of pesticides can be extended by doing which of the following, assuming that each is a realistic possibility?   insecticide-resistant pests 不危害植物，或者容易被消灭，它们能够被利用
(A) Using only chemically stable insecticides ---与stable无关
(B) Periodically switching the type of insecticide used ---correct
(C) Gradually increasing the quantities of pesticides used ---不能保持effectiveness
(D) Leaving a few fields fallow every year ---不能保持effectiveness
(E) Breeding higher-yielding varieties of crop plants ---与保持effectiveness无关吧

4． 40s
Transnational cooperation among corporations is experiencing a modest renaissance among United States firms, even though projects undertaken by two or more corporations under a collaborative agreement are less profitable than projects undertaken by a single corporation.  The advantage of transnational cooperation is that such joint international projects may allow United States firms to win foreign contracts that they would not otherwise be able to win.

Which of the following is information provided by the passage? 是main point题吧：Transnational cooperation虽然不够盈利，但是可以能够签订通常不可得到的国际订单


(A) Transnational cooperation involves projects too big for a single corporation to handle.
(B) Transnational cooperation results in a pooling of resources leading to high-quality performance. ---correct… 提到Transnational cooperation的好处和坏处
(C) Transnational cooperation has in the past been both more common and less common than it is now among United States firms.
(D) Joint projects between United States and foreign corporations are not profitable enough to be worth undertaking.
(E) Joint projects between United States and foreign corporations benefit only those who commission the projects.
正确答案：C。。。求解答…

5. 51s
Leaders of a miners' union on strike against Coalco are contemplating additional measures to pressure the company to accept the union's contract proposal.  The union leaders are considering as their principal new tactic a consumer boycott against Gasco gas stations, which are owned by Energy Incorporated, the same corporation that owns Coalco.
Evaluate except:
(A) Would revenue losses by Gasco seriously affect Energy Incorporated? ---yes, not accept, otherwise accept
(B) Can current Gasco customers easily obtain gasoline elsewhere? ---yes, not accept, otherwise accept
(C) Have other miners' unions won contracts similar to the one proposed by this union?
(D) Have other unions that have employed a similar tactic achieved their goals with it? ---yes, accept, otherwise not
(E) Do other corporations that own coal companies also own gas stations? ---correct

zxppx

2. Barnes: The two newest employees at this company
have salaries that are too high for the simple
tasks normally assigned to new employees and
duties that are too complex for inexperienced
workers. Hence, the salaries and the complexity
of the duties of these two newest employees
should be reduced.

The leap in the logic chain is that the two newest employees are inexperienced.
Which one of the following is an assumption on
which Barnes’s argument depends?
(A) The duties of the two newest employees are not
less complex than any others in the company.

From the argument, we can see that the duties of the two employees are too complex for inexperienced workers. So this answer is useless.
(B) It is because of the complex duties assigned
that the two newest employees are being paid
more than is usually paid to newly hired
employees.

We do not know why their wages are higher than those of newly hired employees, but, from the conclusion, we know that their wages should be lower.
(C) The two newest employees are not experienced
at their occupations.

If we use the negation, we can find that the conclusion cannot stand. On the other hand, because they are not experienced, their wages should be reduced. BA
(D) Barnes was not hired at a higher-than-average
starting salary.

But we can see that their wages are too high for newly hired employees.
(E) The salaries of the two newest employees are no
higher than the salaries that other companies
pay for workers with a similar level of
experience.
We do not know how other companies pay their newly hired employees, but the argument reveals that the wages for the two employees are too high, and should be reduced.




65. (34047-!-item-!-188;#058&007611)


Treatment for hypertension forestalls certain medical expenses by preventing strokes and heart disease. Yet any money so saved amounts to only one-fourth of the expenditures required to treat the hypertensive population. Therefore, there is no economic justification for preventive treatment for hypertension.尤其注意，这里指的是对于高血压的预防性治疗，而不是阻止高血压治疗
Which of the following, if true, is most damaging to the conclusion above?
(A) The many fatal strokes and heart attacks resulting from untreated hypertension cause insignificant medical expenditures but large economic losses of other sorts.

In this case, we can figure out that the preventive treatment for hypertension indeed has economic justification. BA
(B) The cost, per patient, of preventive treatment for hypertension would remain constant even if such treatment were instituted on a large scale.

The answer choice strengthens the argument by showing that the benefit of the preventive treatment is insignificant.
(C) In matters of health care, economic considerations should ideally not be dominant.

It seems to weaken the argument, but a more thorough reveals that the conclusion is related to the economic justification, while the answer is related to health care. Even though the economic considerations should not be dominant, it still can be very important.
(D) Effective prevention presupposes early diagnosis, and programs to ensure early diagnosis are costly.

This answer choice points out the disadvantage of the prevention treatment, thus strengthening the argument.
(E) The net savings in medical resources achieved by some preventive health measures are smaller than the net losses attributable to certain other measures of this kind.
This answer reveals that the benefit of the measures is smaller than the cost, thus strengthening the argument.

66. (34095-!-item-!-188;#058&007612)
The sustained massive use of pesticides in farming has two effects that are especially pernicious. First, it often kills off the pests' natural enemies in the area. Second, it often unintentionally gives rise to insecticide-resistant pests, since those insects that survive a particular insecticide will be the ones most resistant to it, and they are the ones left to breed.
From the passage above, it can be properly inferred that the effectiveness of the sustained massive use of pesticides can be extended by doing which of the following, assuming that each is a realistic possibility? 注意问题问的是如何能够使得杀虫剂的效用更好的发挥
(A) Using only chemically stable insecticides

Its problem has been referred in the argument, a problem that those insects that survive a particular insecticide will be the ones most resistant to the stable insecticide.
(B) Periodically switching the type of insecticide used

Yes, in this case, those insects, most resistant to one insecticide, cannot quickly become resistant to other insecticides, thus making the effectiveness of the pesticides can be extended. BA
(C) Gradually increasing the quantities of pesticides used

From the beginning of the argument, we can see “The sustained massive use of pesticides”. So this answer choice will still have the problems above.
(D) Leaving a few fields fallow every year

Fallow may make products increase, while it may not make sure the effectiveness of pesticides.
(E) Breeding higher-yielding varieties of crop plants
Higher-yielding cannot solve the problems.

67. (34143-!-item-!-188;#058&007613)
Transnational cooperation among corporations is experiencing a modest renaissance among United States firms, even though projects undertaken by two or more corporations under a collaborative agreement are less profitable than projects undertaken by a single corporation. The advantage of transnational cooperation is that such joint international projects may allow United States firms to win foreign contracts that they would not otherwise be able to win.
Which of the following is information provided by the passage?

这个问题要求一下哪个选项能从原文推出来
(A) Transnational cooperation involves projects too big for a single corporation to handle.

If so, it weakens the argument. Because it is opposite to the information that projects undertaken by two or more corporations under a collaborative agreement are less profitable than projects undertaken by a single corporation.
(B) Transnational cooperation results in a pooling of resources leading to high-quality performance.

Yes, it points out the benefit of transnational cooperation. BA

高质量的表现不一定就能成功，而且也间接假设：其他的公司就没有高质量的表现
(C) Transnational cooperation has in the past been both more common and less common than it is now among United States firms.

We cannot infer this from the argument.

说实话，我只是扫了一眼C，感觉没什么关系，就排除了。没有仔细读！第一句的renaissance（复兴：表示过去很成功，但是后来又不行了，是一升一降的过程）是关键，这么大段话，结果出题点就在一个单词这里，很tricky!

first, the word “renaissance” (rebirth) implies that transnational cooperation is now on the rise, after previously having a lower level. so that takes care of the “lower in the past” part of the correct answer.

second, the renaissance is described as “modest”. the only way this description would be reasonable is if transnational cooperation has not re-achieved its previous levels; there's the “higher in the past” part.From Manhattan
(D) Joint projects between United States and foreign corporations are not profitable enough to be worth undertaking.

Actually, these projects are profitable, but without transnational cooperation, United firms cannot win.

之前想选D来着，但是还是觉得有问题，不是没有足够的利润，而是不能成功获得（吃不到葡萄，说葡萄酸）
(E) Joint projects between United States and foreign corporations benefit only those who commission the projects.
“Commission the projects” is not referred.

68. (34191-!-item-!-188;#058&007616)
Leaders of a miners' union on strike against Coalco are contemplating additional measures to pressure the company to accept the union's contract proposal. The union leaders are considering as their principal new tactic a consumer boycott against Gasco gas stations, which are owned by Energy Incorporated, the same corporation that owns Coalco.
The answer to which of the following questions is LEAST directly revelant to the union leaders' consideration of whether attempting a boycott of Gasco will lead to acceptance of their contract proposal?
(A) Would revenue losses by Gasco seriously affect Energy Incorporated?

Yes, if so, Energy Incorporated will notice the problem, and talk with the leaders of the miner’s union.
(B) Can current Gasco customers easily obtain gasoline elsewhere?

Yes, if so, customers can get gasoline from other places, and the strike is insignificant.
(C) Have other miners' unions won contracts similar to the one proposed by this union?

Yes, if so, it is a successful experience for the leaders.
(D) Have other unions that have employed a similar tactic achieved their goals with it?

Yes, if so, the leaders can learn from the precursor.
(E) Do other corporations that own coal companies also own gas stations?

This situation is so unique that it cannot help the union leaders to success. BA