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关于倍数的表达问题(多年的疑惑请大家看看)

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楼主
发表于 2004-8-9 15:55:00 | 只看该作者

关于倍数的表达问题(多年的疑惑请大家看看)

关于倍数的表达问题,多年来我一直弄不懂,因为教过我的老师们都讲的不一样(包括新东方的老师),请大家帮忙看看,对考数学绝对有好处。


A is twice greater than B.


到底是“A是B的两倍”,还是“A比B大两倍(即:A是B的三倍)”?


我的英语启蒙老师(初中老师)教我是“A比B大两倍(即:A是B的三倍)”


我的大学英语老师以及大学英语教材上告诉我的是“A是B的两倍”


我上新东方的TOEFL班时,王海波老师特意指出此问题是“A是B的两倍”


我做KAPLAN的模考时,在2004版的第二套模考题的数学第15题,碰到的答案是“A比B大两倍(即:A是B的三倍)”


我真是郁闷啊!不知该相信谁的?要是考试时碰到这类数学题真不知该按哪个说的做了!


附上:我上新东方TOEFL班的语法笔记(是王海波打印给我们的,不会有错)和kaplan2004第二套模考题的数学原题,请大家帮我解决这多年困扰我的问题!


1、王海波笔记:


”倍数“表达法


(1)倍数+as+adj.原级+as


例句:The old man is three times as old as I am.


(2) 倍数+more than


例句:  He is twice older than I.          (王海波说:此句意思就是两倍,不是三倍)


2、Kaplan数学原题


Last September the sales total for a certain car dealership was 400% greater than the average (arithmatic mean) monthly sales total for the other 11months of the year. The sales total for September was approximately what percent of the year's sales?


(1) 15%  (2) 27%   (3) 31%  (4) 42%   (5) 75%



注:把此题理解为4倍的答案刚好是(2)27%


       而正确答案是(3)31%      即:把此题理解为5倍的答案


我作这题是就理解为4倍了,一看答案是5倍,郁闷死了!



请好心人指点、支招!


沙发
发表于 2004-8-9 16:51:00 | 只看该作者

关注中!!!!!!

要是考试的时候遇到,那就把两个可能都带进去,如果恰好只有一个是正确答案,那就中奖了,否则,闭上眼睛猜一个吧。

板凳
 楼主| 发表于 2004-8-9 17:03:00 | 只看该作者
可是KAPLAN的那道题就是两个答案都有啊! 要是ETS也是两个答案都有,那真是倒霉啊!
地板
发表于 2004-8-9 17:19:00 | 只看该作者
所以我也期待别人的解释,权威的。否则,考试的时候遇到只能仰天长叹
5#
发表于 2004-8-9 17:36:00 | 只看该作者

英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型、、、、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在
表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下:  
倍数增加

(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.()

A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.()

A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.()

以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍].  

Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three
times the length of )that one.
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。

注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。  

(二)increase to n times()

increase n times/n-fold()

increase by n times()

increase by a factor of n()

以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。

Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times
as compared with last year.
集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。

Eg. The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against
l986.
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。

Eg. That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times.
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。

Eg. The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four.
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。

注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。  

(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…()

应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式:

Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported.
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。  

(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。()

Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled.
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。  

(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如:

A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as
B.(⑩)
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。

A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B.
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11)
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。  



倍数减少

(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12)

A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13)

以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。

Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。

Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper.
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。

注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。  

(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14)

decrease by n times(15)

decrease by a factor of n(16)

以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。
decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。

Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times.
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。

Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current
is stepped down by ten times.
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。

Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5.
该设备误差概率降低了4/5。  

(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction…
应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17)
这个句型还有其它一些形式,

Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed.
发现迅速减少到1/7。

Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in
weight.
这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。

从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍
数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型、表示的倍数增量=句型; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by)
3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。

(转自中国翻译网)

6#
发表于 2004-8-9 18:44:00 | 只看该作者
感谢philikittist妹妹,看来考试遇到这类题目时不用再猜啦。
7#
 楼主| 发表于 2004-8-9 19:43:00 | 只看该作者

谢谢猫猫施主的回复,可是我更加迷惑了,因为你上面列举的句型6、15与新东方费费老师讲的不一样。我抄录了新东方GMAT讲义第六章数学词汇上的原句给大家看看:

decreased                       下降后的

decrease...to....               从 .....下降到.....

decrease by...                  下降了....

increased                          增加后的

increase .... to ....              从 ...增加到....

increase by ...                    增加了....

A is 20% more than B                A 比B 多20%,即(A-B)/B=20%

而且按中国翻译网的说法,那KAPLAN 的那道题的答案就是KAPLAN错了?

继续困惑........期待再解!!!!!

8#
发表于 2004-8-10 08:58:00 | 只看该作者

1. A is twice bigger than B


2. A is 200% bigger than B


我觉得以上两种表达是不同的:


For "A is 20% bigger than B", we all use  A * (1 + 20%) = A * 1.2, so for the same reason, "A is 200% bigger than B", we should use A * (1 + 200%) = A * 3, so the Kaplan answer is perfectly right, I think.


I haven't seen any example of 1) in the GMAT math question, can somebody please post one...I only remember seeing the expression "A is twice as big as B" in GMAT... I try to figure out 1 as well...


[此贴子已经被作者于2004-8-10 8:59:58编辑过]
9#
发表于 2004-8-10 09:14:00 | 只看该作者

I just asked a friend of mine here, he is a native english speaker, he told me right away, that "A is twice greater than B" means A = 2B, so I guess it's just a language thing, so we just need to memorize this one

And also, he confirmed that A is 200% greater bigger than B means A = 3B, and "200% greater" is different from "twice greater"

10#
发表于 2004-8-10 09:46:00 | 只看该作者

I just asked a friend of mine here, he is a native english speaker, he told me right away, that "A is twice greater than B" means A = 2B, so I guess it's just a language thing, so we just need to memorize this one
And also, he confirmed that A is 200% greater bigger than B means A = 3B, and "200% greater" is different from "twice greater"

thanks,I think twice is adv,so it modifies the adj greater, so "A is twice greater than B" means A = 2B.

200% is N, So  "A is 200% greater/bigger than B" means A = 3B.

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