【每日逻辑练习第二季】【2-10】

苏错

11.30[精练]

Background: Take visceral emotion for examplePremise: always situation that is healthy to try to express emotion

Conclusion: always situation that is healthy to try to express anger.assumption?

Visceral emotion--angerB. correct (架桥求联系)

[逻辑链]

1. prediction of slower economic growth—decline in the value of the dollar    

BUT government deficit must be decreased to prevent this happening.

Weaken—E

(D E不是关于prevent 另外提出的未知条件，

conclusion：if it had not been for huge budget deficit,

the prediction will not have effect. )

2. Both required simultaneously

competitive ability is—A

3. top managers use intuition more than middle or lower level managers

So, intuition is more effective than reasoning  

assumption—C

（第二次错了！ E 题目理解，   

top managers prefer intution to reasoning than middle managers 推出 more effective）

4. asthma will occur if molecules are activated

unnecessarilyweaken—D

irenetopia

精练
1.57S
Psychiatrist: Take any visceral emotion you care to
consider. There are always situations in which it
is healthy to try to express that emotion. So,
there are always situations in which it is
healthy to try to express one’s anger.
The conclusion of the argument follows logically if
which one of the following is assumed?
其实这种题目不难，但是我就是怕不知道为嘛可能单词背少了
Logic：visceral emotion ——situation in which it is healthy to try to express that emotion
So anger—— healthy try to express
Take a bridge——anger is a visceral emotion

(A) Anger is always expressible.——irrelevant
(B) Anger is a visceral emotion.——bingo！
(C) Some kinds of emotions are unhealthy to
express.——。。。。。
(D) All emotions that are healthy to express are
visceral.—— extend range
(E) An emotion is visceral only if it is healthy to
express.——irrelevant





PREP练习
45.   2：20
The recent decline in the value of the dollar was triggered by a prediction of slower economic growth in the coming year.  But that prediction would not have adversely affected the dollar had it not been for the government's huge budget deficit, which must therefore be decreased to prevent future currency declines.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion about how to prevent future currency declines?
logic: prediction of SEG causes decline of the money
But if sec not be the budget deficit , will not affect dollar
问weaken
仔细看了一下，是相关因果问题
说一个缓慢的经济增长的预言使得美元贬值，但是这个其实不是导致贬值的原因，原因是因为政府财政赤字了，所以真正导致美元贬值的是财政赤字。
也就是其实就是预言导致美元贬值，要削弱财政赤字喝美元贬值的相关性，加大预言的相关性

(A) The government has made little attempt to reduce the budget deficit.——irrelevant
(B) The budget deficit has not caused a slowdown in economic growth.——无关比较
(C) The value of the dollar declined several times in the year prior to the recent prediction of slower economic growth.——support
(D) Before there was a large budget deficit, predictions of slower economic growth frequently caused declines in the dollar's value.——bingo！
(E) When there is a large budget deficit, other events in addition to predictions of slower economic growth sometimes trigger declines in currency value.——irrelevant，这个鱼和熊掌不能兼得，这个选项真是墙头草


46.    1:23
Neither a rising standard of living nor balanced trade, by itself, establishes a country's ability to compete in the international marketplace.  Both are required simultaneously since standards of living can rise because of growing trade deficits and trade can be balanced by means of a decline in a country's standard of living.
If the facts stated in the passage above are true, a proper test of a country's ability to be competitive is its ability to
logic：rising standard of living and balanced trade cannot be separate
SL can rise ——trade deficits
Trade balance ——decline of the SL
问infer trade可以通过down SL来平衡up SL

(A) balance its trade while its standard of living rises——bingo!
(B) balance its trade while its standard of living falls——反了
(C) increase trade deficits while its standard of living rises——反了
(D) decrease trade deficits while its standard of living falls——反了
(E) keep its standard of living constant while trade deficits rise——无关


47.  57S
Traditionally, decision-making by managers that is reasoned step-by-step has been considered preferable to intuitive decision-making.  However, a recent study found that top managers used intuition significantly more than did most middle- or lower-level managers.  This confirms the alternative view that intuition is actually more effective than careful, methodical reasoning.
The conclusion above is based on which of the following assumptions?
logic： SYS decision is better than intuitive decision-making
But top always intuitive decision-making
So intuitive decision-making is better
Assumption

(A) Methodical, step-by-step reasoning is inappropriate for making many real-life management decisions.——relevant
(B) Top managers have the ability to use either intuitive reasoning or methodical, step-by-step reasoning in making decisions.——irrelevant
(C) The decisions made by middle- and lower-level managers can be made as easily by using methodical reasoning as by using intuitive reasoning.——irrelevant
(D) Top managers use intuitive reasoning in making the majority of their decisions.——irrelevant
(E) Top managers are more effective at decision-making than middle- or lower-level managers.——bingo!


48.  2:00
Certain messenger molecules fight damage to the lungs from noxious air by telling the muscle cells encircling the lungs' airways to contract.  This partially seals off the lungs.  An asthma attack occurs when the messenger molecules are activated unnecessarily, in response to harmless things like pollen or household dust.
Which of the following, if true, points to the most serious flaw of a plan to develop a medication that would prevent asthma attacks by blocking receipt of any messages sent by the messenger molecules referred to above?
这个一开始没看懂啊没看懂！
Logic： MM fight 会感染 lung,damage lungs
当MM active unnecessary的时候
就会asthma
问如果我们为了治疗这个病，要发明一种药把这个messeager堵起来，会肿么样
问方案的负评价。1，方案可行性2，方案正确性，3，方案副作用
肯定是这个方式，注意“any”的绝对性，的副作用
(A) Researchers do not yet know how the body produces the messenger molecules that trigger asthma attacks.——irrelevant
(B) Researchers do not yet know what makes one person's messenger molecules more easily activated than another's.——irrelevant
(C) Such a medication would not become available for several years, because of long lead times in both development and manufacture.——irrelevant
(D) Such a medication would be unable to distinguish between messages triggered by pollen and household dust and messages triggered by noxious air.——bingo!
(E) Such a medication would be a preventative only and would be unable to alleviate an asthma attack once it had started.——irrelevant

cyndichiang

精炼：1‘18’‘
premise:it is healthy to try to express visceral emotion
+???
conclusion: it is healthy to try to express one’s anger
Q:Assumption
prephrase: 补gap;同时涉及visceral emotion 和anger
                Anger is a visceral emotion
(A) Anger is always expressible.----irrelevant;只提到Anger
(B) Anger is a visceral emotion.------Correct
(C) Some kinds of emotions are unhealthy to
express.----irrelevant,两方都没提到
(D) All emotions that are healthy to express are
visceral.------没提到anger；文章没有说all
(E) An emotion is visceral only if it is healthy to
express.-----irrelevant;没提到anger；only if必要条件但文章没有此意思

逻辑链：
1. 46’‘
premise:a prediction of slower economic growth cannot cause the decline in the value of the dollar without the government's huge budget deficit
conclusion: in order to prevent future decline in currency, government's huge budget must be decrease.
Q:weaken
prephrase: 因推果 并且是future，只说过去的一般都不对，很可能答案说了一个exception

2.36''
premise:Neither a rising standard of living nor balanced trade by itself can establish a country's competitiveness since they are not required simultaneously
conclusion: ??? can be competitive
Q: must be true
prephrase: Country should rise standard of living while balancing trade

3. 26''
premise:top managers use more intuition than middle- or lower-level managers do
+???
conclusion: intuition is more effective
Q:Assumption
prephrase: 补gap; top managers 和more effective同时出现; top managers are more effective

4. 2''--D
premise:Certain messenger molecules fight damage to the lungs from noxious air
premise:An asthma attack occurs when the messenger molecules are activated unnecessarily  in response to harmless things like pollen or household dust.
conclusion:a plan to develop a medication that would prevent asthma attacks by blocking receipt of any messages sent by the messenger molecules
Q:weaken
prephrase: premise2 ; it is easily to response to harmless things if the medicine cannot distinguish the harmless from harm things

Lincy123

P：总有情景是可以健康地表达vi 情感的
C：总有情景是可以健康地表达愤怒的
Assumption？anger = vi emotion
A）愤怒总是可表达
B）跟猜想一样，correct
C）有些情绪不能健康表达
D）所有能健康表达的情绪是vi
E）一个情绪只有能健康表达才是vi

P：政府预算缺口bd减少
C：防止未来货币贬值
Weaken
A）        政府只会做一点努力来减少bd
B）        Bd不是造成经济增长减缓的原因
C）        在预测经济增长减缓之前现金已经贬值好多次了
D）        在大量bd之前，经济增长减缓的预测常常造成货币贬值。Correct
E）        Bd很大时，除了预测经济增长减缓之外的其他活动有时候会导致货币贬值

生活标准和平衡贸易同时需要，贸易deficits增长导致生活标准的提升，贸易也能因为生活标准下降而平衡

Must be true
A）        生活标准提升时平衡贸易correct 就跟原题一模一样，不要想太多
B）        生活标准下降时平衡贸易。Correct（x）
C）        当生活标准提升时，贸易de提升
D）        当生活标准下降时，贸易de下降
E）        保持生活标准不变的同时，贸易de增长

P：近期研究表明高阶管理层比中低阶管理层更多使用直觉
C：直觉比严谨、方法论推导更有效
Assumption：高阶管理层的决策比其他人更有效
A）        方法论不适合做现实生活的管理决策
B）        高阶管理层有能力使用直觉和方法论
C）        中低阶管理层的方法和使用直觉一样简单
D）        高阶管理层用直觉来做重要决策
E）        高阶管理层在做决策上更有效。Correct

Bg：哮喘的原理：让神经细胞遇到花粉、灰尘时被激活，让肌细胞紧缩，封闭肺部
P：阻断神经细胞传递的消息
C：防止哮喘
Weaken
A）        还不知道神经细胞如何产生的
B）        不知道为什么有的人的神经细胞比其他人的更敏感
C）        这种治疗几年内都不可得，需要长期发展和制造
D）        这种治疗无法分辨受花粉刺激和受毒空气刺激的神经细胞。Correct
E）        一旦哮喘发生，这种治疗就无效。这种治疗只能预防。