【每日逻辑练习第二季】【2-10】

jetyxo

1 15" premise: it is healthy to express one's emotion
        conclusion: it is healthy to express one's angry
        assumption?  angry is emotion----->B
---------------------------------------------------
2 1'10  background: the value of dollar is decline because the prediction of low growth of economic
           coclusion: the goverment will decrease the  budget deficit----> prevent decline of dollar
           weaken? A
++++++++++++++
    WRONG:  right answer 题目理解错误
-----------------------------------------------------
3 24" background: standard of living/ balanced trade can not use to test one country's competitiveness alone
        reason: high standard of living---> imblanced trade
                     balanced trade---> low living standard
        refer? both standard of living and balanced trade are need to test one country's competitiveness
        answer:A
-------------------------------------------------
4 20" premise: top manager use more intuition to make decision than middle and low-level managers
         conclusion: intuotion is more effect than step-by-step desicons
        assumption?  top managers' decisions are more effected than middle and low-level managers' decisions
          answer:E
------------------------------------------------------
5 1'33 background:  when in toxic air condition,Mc seal off lung to prevent the toxic substance
                              As desease is due to unnecessary respond of Mc to pollen et.
          conclusion: a medicine for A make stop Mc respond to any substance is not good
          reason: these kind of drug will also prevent Mc respond to real toxic substance
        answer

狮灵鹭智

------------------------------------35sec----------------------
Premise:
A= there are always situation to express B in a healthy way
B=any visceral emotion
Conclusion:
there are always situation to express B' in a healthy way
B'=angry

Q: gap
A?: B INCLUDES B'
选B
Analysis:
A: Irrelative
B: correct
C: irrelative
D: 复述了premise A
E: 复述了premise A
-------------------------------------1min33sec---------------------------------
Premise: A0= decline in Dollar recently    
      A1=decline in dollar in future
      B=huge government budget
      C= prediction of slow down of economic growth
      C + B=>A0
Conclusion:
C+B=>A1
=>B must be decreased to prevent A
Q: weaken
A?: in the future, situation will be changed that C+B not => A
A: 选D
----------------1min28sec-----------------------
Premise: A= a rising standard of living
      B= balanced trade
      C= a country's ability to compete in the international marketplace  
      A<=> B (AB间可以相互转化)
Conclusion: Neither A nor B can show C
Q: how to show C?
A?: add A with B
A:选A
---------------50sec---------------------------
Premise: A= reasoning step by step
      B= reasoning by intuition
      A is preferable than B
      BUT
      Top managers prefer A to B than middle managers
Conclusion: B is more effective than A
Q : gap
A?: top managers r more effective
A: E
----------------------------------48sec------------------------------
Premise: A sent massage to B ---> body fight against damage to lungs ------>(sometimes cause asthma)
Plan: bloc A from sending massage to B=> heal asthma
Q: flaw
A?: what if this mad. Also bloc necessary progress to fight against damage to lungs?
A:选D

freestyle32

B: Take any visceral emotion you care to
consider.
P: There are always situations in which it
is healthy to try to express that emotion.
C: So, there are always situations in which it is
healthy to try to express one’s anger.
P?C
Healthy to express visceral emotion? express one’s anger
桥梁在于：visceral emotion 与 anger的关系


(A) Anger is always expressible. 乍一看很准确……但是与桥梁无关
(B) Anger is a visceral emotion. 正确
(C) Some kinds of emotions are unhealthy to
express. 不相关
(D) All emotions that are healthy to express are
visceral. 不相关
(E) An emotion is visceral only if it is healthy to
express. 不相关

我这里有时差啊。。貌似无法10点前。。

freestyle32

2.The recent decline in the value of the dollar was triggered by a prediction of slower economic growth in the coming year. But that prediction would not have adversely affected the dollar had it not been for the government's huge budget deficit, which must therefore be decreased to prevent future currency declines.
最近美元币值的下跌的导火索是预测未来的一年经济增长放缓。但是,预测不会对美元有负面影响，如果不是因为政府的巨额预算赤字,因此必须降低为防止未来的货币下跌。
dollar后面的had it not是一个倒装的条件状语从句，是表强调。而且是虚拟语态。意思是如果.....没有发生。句子的基本结构是“if it is not for...”如果不是因为...

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion about how to prevent future currency declines?

B：The recent decline in the value of the dollar was triggered by a prediction of slower economic growth in the coming year. Value of the dollar ? a prediction of slower economic growth
P：that prediction would not have adversely affected the dollar had it not been for the government's huge budget deficit,
C：therefore be decreased to prevent future currency declines.
P?C
Value of the dollar ? a prediction of slower economic growth
Prediction X adversely affect dollar ? govern’ huge budget deficit ?  ? prevent future currency
Govern’s huge budget deficit ? adversely affect dollar ?? decrease deficit ? prevent currency decline
做错。。这道题应该理解为：预测会降低美元，但是没有财政赤字，预测不会影响美元。

(A) The government has made little attempt to reduce the budget deficit.
(B) The budget deficit has not caused a slowdown in economic growth.
(C) The value of the dollar declined several times in the year prior to the recent prediction of slower economic growth. 不相关
(D) Before there was a large budget deficit, predictions of slower economic growth frequently caused declines in the dollar's value.
(E) When there is a large budget deficit, other events in addition to predictions of slower economic growth sometimes trigger declines in currency value.


3. (33135-!-item-!-188;#058&007559)
Neither a rising standard of living nor balanced trade, by itself, establishes a country's ability to compete in the international marketplace. Both are required simultaneously since standards of living can rise because of growing trade deficits and trade can be balanced by means of a decline in a country's standard of living.

B: Neither a rising standard of living nor balanced trade, by itself, establishes a country's ability to compete in the international marketplace.
P: since standards of living can rise because of growing trade deficits and trade can be balanced by means of a decline in a country's standard of living.
C: Both are required simultaneously
P?C
Balanced trade & ? standard of living both are needed

If the facts stated in the passage above are true, a proper test of a country's ability to be competitive is its ability to
(A) balance its trade while its standard of living rises
(B) balance its trade while its standard of living falls
(C) increase trade deficits while its standard of living rises
(D) decrease trade deficits while its standard of living falls
(E) keep its standard of living constant while trade deficits rise


4. (33183-!-item-!-188;#058&007560)

Traditionally, decision-making by managers that is reasoned step-by-step has been considered preferable to intuitive decision-making. However, a recent study found that top managers used intuition significantly more than did most middle- or lower-level managers.

B: Traditionally, decision-making by managers that is reasoned step-by-step has been considered preferable to intuitive decision-making.
P: However, a recent study found that top managers used intuition significantly more than did most middle- or lower-level managers.
C: This confirms the alternative view that intuition is actually more effective than careful, methodical reasoning.
P?C
Top managers used intuition significantly > middle/lower ? intuition more effective than careful methodical
缺 TM significantly? effective
The conclusion above is based on which of the following assumptions?

略绕：要证明intuition 更effective…… TM用得更多…因为他们很effective……所以他们要选更effective的方式
(A) Methodical, step-by-step reasoning is inappropriate for making many real-life management decisions. 不相关
(B) Top managers have the ability to use either intuitive reasoning or methodical, step-by-step reasoning in making decisions. 不相关
(C) The decisions made by middle- and lower-level managers can be made as easily by using methodical reasoning as by using intuitive reasoning. 不相关
(D) Top managers use intuitive reasoning in making the majority of their decisions. 重复
(E) Top managers are more effective at decision-making than middle- or lower-level managers.


5. (33231-!-item-!-188;#058&007563)
Certain messenger molecules fight damage to the lungs from noxious air by telling the muscle cells encircling the lungs' airways to contract. This partially seals off the lungs. An asthma attack occurs when the messenger molecules are activated unnecessarily, in response to harmless things like pollen or household dust.

B：Certain messenger molecules fight damage to the lungs from noxious air by telling the muscle cells encircling the lungs' airways to contract. This partially seals off the lungs.
P：This partially seals off the lungs.
C：An asthma attack occurs when the messenger molecules are activated unnecessarily, in response to harmless things like pollen or household dust.

P?C

Which of the following, if true, points to the most serious flaw of a plan to develop a medication that would prevent asthma attacks by blocking receipt of any messages sent by the messenger molecules referred to above?
阻止messenger molecules ? 不能保护肺了

(A) Researchers do not yet know how the body produces the messenger molecules that trigger asthma attacks.不相关
(B) Researchers do not yet know what makes one person's messenger molecules more easily activated than another's.不相关
(C) Such a medication would not become available for several years, because of long lead times in both development and manufacture. 不相关
(D) Such a medication would be unable to distinguish between messages triggered by pollen and household dust and messages triggered by noxious air. 正确
(E) Such a medication would be a preventative only and would be unable to alleviate an asthma attack once it had started.不相关

zxppx

1.

Psychiatrist: Take any visceral emotion you care to
consider. There are always situations in which it
is healthy to try to express that emotion. So,
there are always situations in which it is
healthy to try to express one’s anger.

The conclusion reveals that there are always situations in which it is healthy to try to express one’s anger. However, “anger” has not been provided in the argument. So the right answer should be related to “anger”, and comply with other premises.
The conclusion of the argument follows logically if
which one of the following is assumed?

(A) Anger is always expressible.

This answer choice cannot strengthen the argument, since “expressible” cannot fill the hole in the logic chain.
(B) Anger is a visceral emotion.

Yes, it points out the leap, and make the logic chain valid. BA
(C) Some kinds of emotions are unhealthy to
express.

It does not refer to “anger”.
(D) All emotions that are healthy to express are
visceral.

The same to C.
(E) An emotion is visceral only if it is healthy to
express.

The same to C.

45. (33087-!-item-!-188;#058&007558)
The recent decline in the value of the dollar was triggered by a prediction of slower economic growth in the coming year. But that prediction would not have adversely affected the dollar had it not been for the government's huge budget deficit, which must therefore be decreased to prevent future currency declines.

In order to weaken the conclusion, we should prove that preventing the future currency declines is not caused by government’s huge budget deficit.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion about how to prevent future currency declines?
(A) The government has made little attempt to reduce the budget deficit.

Actually, this would strengthen the conclusion.
(B) The budget deficit has not caused a slowdown in economic growth.

Shell Game: a slowdown in economic growth is not equal to the future currency declines.
(C) The value of the dollar declined several times in the year prior to the recent prediction of slower economic growth.

But we do not know whether the government’s huge budget deficit can cause the decline in the value of the dollar.
(D) Before there was a large budget deficit, predictions of slower economic growth frequently caused declines in the dollar's value.

Yes, it weakens the conclusion by showing that before the cause is present, the effect occurs. BA
(E) When there is a large budget deficit, other events in addition to predictions of slower economic growth sometimes trigger declines in currency value.

It cannot rule out the cause, so it does not weaken the conclusion.



46. (33135-!-item-!-188;#058&007559)
Neither a rising standard of living nor balanced trade, by itself, establishes a country's ability to compete in the international marketplace. Both are required simultaneously since standards of living can rise because of growing trade deficits and trade can be balanced by means of a decline in a country's standard of living.
If the facts stated in the passage above are true, a proper test of a country's ability to be competitive is its ability to
(A) balance its trade while its standard of living rises

Yes, both of them are needed simultaneously. BA
(B) balance its trade while its standard of living falls

The standard of living should rise.
(C) increase trade deficits while its standard of living rises

The trade deficits should be balanced.
(D) decrease trade deficits while its standard of living falls

The standard of living should rise.
(E) keep its standard of living constant while trade deficits rise

The trade deficits should be balanced.



47. (33183-!-item-!-188;#058&007560)
Traditionally, decision-making by managers that is reasoned step-by-step has been considered preferable to intuitive decision-making. However, a recent study found that top managers used intuition significantly more than did most middle- or lower-level managers. This confirms the alternative view that intuition is actually more effective than careful, methodical reasoning.

Please note the conclusion, which reveals that intuition is more effective than careful, methodical reasoning. However, there is no evidence in the argument to demonstrate that something is more effective than something else. We can only find that top managers used intuition significantly more than did most middle-or lower-level managers. So the right answer should fill the hole.
The conclusion above is based on which of the following assumptions?
(A) Methodical, step-by-step reasoning is inappropriate for making many real-life management decisions.

Something is inappropriate is irrelevant.
(B) Top managers have the ability to use either intuitive reasoning or methodical, step-by-step reasoning in making decisions.

It seems to be a contender. However, the author has considered readers know this, and it cannot be the assumption to make the conclusion valid.
(C) The decisions made by middle- and lower-level managers can be made as easily by using methodical reasoning as by using intuitive reasoning.

It cannot strengthen the conclusion.
(D) Top managers use intuitive reasoning in making the majority of their decisions.

Actually, this answer choice has been referred in the argument.
(E) Top managers are more effective at decision-making than middle- or lower-level managers.

Yes, this comparison makes the conclusion much more valid, thus strengthening the argument. BA



48. (33231-!-item-!-188;#058&007563)
Certain messenger molecules fight damage to the lungs from noxious air by telling the muscle cells encircling the lungs' airways to contract. This partially seals off the lungs. An asthma attack occurs when the messenger molecules are activated unnecessarily, in response to harmless things like pollen or household dust.
Which of the following, if true, points to the most serious flaw of a plan to develop a medication that would prevent asthma attacks by blocking receipt of any messages sent by the messenger molecules referred to above?

(A) Researchers do not yet know how the body produces the messenger molecules that trigger asthma attacks.

Actually, we can know this process from the argument.
(B) Researchers do not yet know what makes one person's messenger molecules more easily activated than another's.

The comparison is irrelevant.
(C) Such a medication would not become available for several years, because of long lead times in both development and manufacture.

But it can still come true.
(D) Such a medication would be unable to distinguish between messages triggered by pollen and household dust and messages triggered by noxious air.

Yes, if this happened, the lung would be harmed by noxious air. BA
(E) Such a medication would be a preventative only and would be unable to alleviate an asthma attack once it had started.

This answer choice actually points some weaknesses of such a medication. However, it can be a preventative, it may still be effective.

pennyz

47s
assumption
b
premise: express v motion sometimes
        to express is healthy
conclusion: you will have occasion to express anger
2:28s
weaken
e
background: economy slowdown is caused by the the prediction
premise: not for the deficit, the news may not turn the dollar down
rephrase:the news will also turn the dollar down without the deficit
???
51s
做过了
a
1:02s
assumption
e
premise: top manager other than middle
        intution>step by step
conclusion: intution is more effective
rephrase: top is more effective than middle
2:07s
weaken
e
background:when lungs is vunerable ,it send message to the muscles to protect the lungs
premise: a happen, can not send the message
conclusion( in the question stem): the plan to block the message of a will not work

kid381

2-10
46 45’’
Psychiatrist says that for any visceral emotion, trying to expressing it is wholesome. Consequently, express one’s anger is healthy, too.
Assumption: anger is one kind of visceral emotion.
A is one choice, but not necessary
B bingo
C irrelevant, couldn’t help to mitigate the logic gap
D shell game, we don’t need healthy emotion to be visceral, we just need that express visceral game to be healthy.
E shell game, too. We don’t this logic claim: healthy to express>visceral, we just need visceral > healthy to express.
47 57’’
Decline in the value of dollar is triggered by the negative prediction. However, this declination will not happen if the government do not execute huge budget deficit.
Weaken: the value of dollar will be declined deeply if the government does not take action to mitigate the influence of declination (seems to be D, which means that it is the economic growth not the government that causes the declines of dollar’s value).
48 45’’
Neither a rising standard of living nor balanced trade alone shows the country’s ability to compete in international market. The rising standard of living can induce trade deficits and the trade might be balanced by declined living standard.
Inference: rising living standard and balance the trade at the same time (A is a rephrase of my prediction).
49 45’’
Traditional views believe processed decision-making is more effective than intuitive decision-making, but recent research finds that top managers use more intuitive decision making than processed decision-making as compared to middle- or lower- level managers. Therefore, intuitive decision making is superior to processed decision-making.
Assumption: the popularity of this method necessarily among top managers means that this method is better (E. this answer provides a good refutation: always use does not necessary mean the effect of this method is good).
50 45’’
The messenger molecules told the muscle of lungs to contract when some damage air breaks in. However, one kind of asthma happens when the messenger misinterpret the signals, deeming the pollen or dust as harmful microorganisms.
Flaws of a medication: when the true bacteria invade the human body, the messenger molecules cannot react appropriately (D fits my prediction).

Elisha728

fox0923 发表于 2011-12-18 10:29
精练All answer keys in this book will indicate the source of the question by giving the month and ye ...

5'17''
BDAED,

all correct

lyrsilvia

B CAED
1. 20'
P: Take any visceral emotion you care to consider. There are always situations in which it is healthy to try to express that emotion.
C: there are always situations in which it is healthy to try to express one’s anger
ASSUMPTION: anger=visceral emotion
答案：B
(A) Anger is always expressible.-------------focus on express or not, but not the capability of expressible. some ambiguous. because if the anger is not expressible, this conclusion is meaningless. it would be nonsense to evaluate whether express anger is healthy or not
(B) Anger is a visceral emotion.--------------CORRECT. states the specific condition for express.
(C) Some kinds of emotions are unhealthy to express.------------other emotions are not discussed
(D) All emotions that are healthy to express are visceral.-------------A-->B ≠B-->A. here A=visceral        B= healthy. and this statement just already believe that anger is healthy to express, which is just unreasonable
(E) An emotion is visceral only if it is healthy to express.-----------there is no information to conclude that. And also this is not the assumption. 取非之后一点意义都没有

2. 33'
P: The recent decline in the value of the dollar was triggered by a prediction of slower economic growth in the coming year
C: the government's huge budget deficit affected the prediction and thus adversely affected the dollar's value
WEAKEN: it is not the budget cause the bad prediction
答案：C
(A) The government has made little attempt to reduce the budget deficit.-----------what the government did is irrelevant. or it cannot explain whether it is the government's fault
(B) The budget deficit has not caused a slowdown in economic growth.-----------this one just provide a claim. but the premise states that the budget deficit did affect the prediction which cause the decline in the value of dollar. thus not weaken at all
(C) The value of the dollar declined several times in the year prior to the recent prediction of slower economic growth.-------------CORRECT. means it is not the prediction caused the decline. thus not the government's fault
(D) Before there was a large budget deficit, predictions of slower economic growth frequently caused declines in the dollar's value.-------------clearly support CORRECT
(E) When there is a large budget deficit, other events in addition to predictions of slower economic growth sometimes trigger declines in currency value.--------------other events are not discussed.
==========================================================================
C项绕太远了，没有说government deficit，而是指出predication
D项说清楚了不是deficit的原因，而是predictions直接导致的，清楚
粗心啊..拖出去打....
===========================================================================
3. 23'
P: standards of living can rise because of growing trade deficits and trade can be balanced by means of a decline in a country's standard of living.
C: Neither a rising standard of living nor balanced trade, by itself, establishes a country's ability to compete in the international marketplace.
PROPER TEST: both standards of living and trade balance
答案：A
(A) balance its trade while its standard of living rises-------------CORRECT. just the opposite side of second example in the question
(B) balance its trade while its standard of living falls------------the second example
(C) increase trade deficits while its standard of living rises---------wrong
(D) decrease trade deficits while its standard of living falls----------whether decrease deficits is not discussed. in the question, "balanced" is used, here "decrease" is not that suitable
(E) keep its standard of living constant while trade deficits rise--------------wrong. this question needs a correct understanding of the statement in the question.

4. 21'
P:  top managers used intuition significantly more than did most middle- or lower-level managers.
C: intuition is actually more effective than careful, methodical reasoning.
ASSUMPTION:  top managers are making better decision?
答案：E
(A) Methodical, step-by-step reasoning is inappropriate for making many real-life management decisions.----------inappropriate = inferior? nothing about the superior part.
(B) Top managers have the ability to use either intuitive reasoning or methodical, step-by-step reasoning in making decisions.----------not state the better part of intuition
(C) The decisions made by middle- and lower-level managers can be made as easily by using methodical reasoning as by using intuitive reasoning.-----------easily≠effective. some kind ambiguous 取非: cannot be made as easily by using methodical reasoning as by using intuitive reasoning.仅仅illustrate the difference between two method, nothing about superior or inferior
(D) Top managers use intuitive reasoning in making the majority of their decisions.----------just restates the premise
(E) Top managers are more effective at decision-making than middle- or lower-level managers.----------CORRECT. the logic of the question is: top managers use more-->this method are better. the gap should be filled in that top managers are making better decision with that kind of method

5. 43'
P:  An asthma attack occurs when the messenger molecules are activated unnecessarily, in response to harmless things like pollen or household dust.
C: to develop a medication that would prevent asthma attacks by blocking receipt of any messages sent by the messenger molecules
SERIOUS FLAW: this blocking is not good, has some disadvantages
答案：D
(A) Researchers do not yet know how the body produces the messenger molecules that trigger asthma attacks.---------------how body produces is not the topical subject. just evaluate the plan
(B) Researchers do not yet know what makes one person's messenger molecules more easily activated than another's.--------the same as answer A
(C) Such a medication would not become available for several years, because of long lead times in both development and manufacture.----------the available of the medication is not the topical subject.
(D) Such a medication would be unable to distinguish between messages triggered by pollen and household dust and messages triggered by noxious air.------------CORRECT. states the disadvantages of this medication
(E) Such a medication would be a preventative only and would be unable to alleviate an asthma attack once it had started.----------some kind disadvantages, but still support the preventative effect. when an asthma started, this situation is not discussed.

w.melhere

1. 59‘  昨天做了gap之后，回忆了下以前讲的解题办法，在看今天的精炼就觉得很容易了。
2. 1.06’
3.1.30‘ 这个错选了C 完全是因为没认真读选项..觉得这道题逻辑很简单了...结果果然发现是我too young too naive...因为心里想两个标准都应该是positive的....所有就选了...
(C) increase trade deficits while its standard of living rises （增加deficits...太弱智了）
(A) balance its trade while its standard of living rises  应该是平衡balance并且使生活水平提高

4.1.15’
5.1‘33