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2. If something would have been justifiably regretted if
it had occurred, then it is something that one should
not have desired in the first place. It follows that
many forgone pleasures should not have been
desired in the first place.
The conclusion is that many forgone pleasures should not have been desired in the first place. But nothing about forgone pleasures has been provided by the argument. In order to strengthen the argument, the right answer must be something about forgone pleasures, and comply with other premises in the argument.
The conclusion above follows logically if which one
of the following is assumed?
A) One should never regret one’s pleasures.
Since the argument is about something would have been justifiably regretted, this answer choice is irrelevant.
(B) Forgone pleasures that were not desired would
not have been justifiably regretted.
Using the negation makes the answer hard to understand. But the premises are about something would have been justifiably regretted if it had occurred. How can we know forgone pleasures that desired? So it cannot be an assumption. Contender!
(C) Everything that one desires and then regrets
not having is a forgone pleasure.
Actually, it defines something is a forgone pleasure, but we do not know what a forgone pleasure is!
(D) Many forgone pleasures would have been
justifiably regretted.
Since forgone pleasures had occurred, it makes the logic chain complete. BA
(E) Nothing that one should not have desired in
the first place fails to be a pleasure.
It sounds like: something that one should not have desired in the first place tend to be a pleasure. But is it forgone pleasure?
41. (32895-!-item-!-188;#058&007553)
In comparison to the standard typewriter keyboard, the EFCO keyboard, which places the most-used keys nearest the typist's strongest fingers, allows faster typing and results in less fatigue. Therefore, replacement of standard keyboards with the EFCO keyboard will result in an immediate reduction of typing costs.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the conclusion drawn above?
(A) People who use both standard and EFCO keyboards report greater difficulty in the transition from the EFCO keyboard to the standard keyboard than in the transition from the standard keyboard to the EFCO keyboard.
Since the transition cost is lower, EFCO keyboard should replace standard typewriter keyboard, strengthening the argument.
(B) EFCO keyboards are no more expensive to manufacture than are standard keyboards and require less frequent repair than do standard keyboards.
This answer choice strengthens the argument by showing that the transition may not have the weakness referred.
(C) The number of businesses and government agencies that use EFCO keyboards is increasing each year.
This answer choice strengthens the argument by showing that EFCO keyboards have a growing sale each year.
(D) The more training and experience an employee has had with the standard keyboard, the more costly it is to train that employee to use the EFCO keyboard.
Yes, in this case, we can find out that the transition from the standard keyboard to the EFCO keyboard can increase the cost. BA
(E) Novice typists can learn to use the EFCO keyboard in about the same amount of time it takes them to learn to use the standard keyboard.
So novice typists can choose either, thus making it clear that the transition may not have such a weakness.
42. (32943-!-item-!-188;#058&007554)
Researchers have found that when very overweight people, who tend to have relatively low metabolic rates, lose weight primarily through dieting, their metabolisms generally remain unchanged. They will thus burn significantly fewer calories at the new weight than do people whose weight is normally at that level. Such newly thin persons will, therefore, ultimately regain weight until their body size again matches their metabolic rate.
In this argument, researchers want to demonstrate that it is the metabolic rate that causes those very overweight people who lose weight primarily through dieting to regain their weight. And the right answer A rules out other factors, such as the increase in the consumption of calories when they become thin, thus strengthening the argument.
The conclusion of the argument above depends on which of the following assumptions?
(A) Relatively few very overweight people who have dieted down to a new weight tend to continue to consume substantially fewer calories than do people whose normal weight is at that level.
Even though there is someone, this answer choice cannot strengthen the argument.
If they don’t, the real reason cause them to regain weight might be the increased consumption of such newly thin people, thus weakening the argument.
(B) The metabolisms of people who are usually not overweight are much more able to vary than the metabolisms of people who have been very overweight.
The more varied metabolisms of people who are usually not overweight cannot support the argument.
(C) The amount of calories that a person usually burns in a day is determined more by the amount that is consumed that day than by the current weight of the individual.
Negation: If the amount of calories can be determined more by the current weight of the individual, such as weight of newly thin people, this conclusion will be highly fallacious. BA
The argument has revealed that their metabolisms generally remain unchanged.
(D) Researchers have not yet determined whether the metabolic rates of formerly very overweight individuals can be accelerated by means of chemical agents.
The means of chemical agents to accelerate the metabolic rates is outside the scope of the argument.
(E) Because of the constancy of their metabolic rates, people who are at their usual weight normally have as much difficulty gaining weight as they do losing it.
Gaining weight is irrelevant.
43. (32991-!-item-!-188;#058&007555)
Half of the subjects in an experiment--the experimental group--consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener. Afterward, this group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other half of the subjects--the control group--who did not consume the sweetener. The detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid that is one of the sweetener's principal constituents.
Which of the following, if true, would best support the conclusion that some ingredient of the sweetener was responsible for the experimental results?
(A) Most consumers of the sweetener do not consume as much of it as the experimental group members did.
The consumption of most consumers is outside the scope of the argument.
(B) The amino acid referred to in the conclusion is a component of all proteins, some of which must be consumed for adequate nutrition.
The composition of the amino acid is irrelevant.
(C) The quantity of the sweetener consumed by individuals in the experimental group is considered safe by federal food regulators.
The safety is irrelevant, since the quantity of the sweetener may have some bad effects.
(D) The two groups of subjects were evenly matched with regard to cognitive abilities prior to the experiment.
Yes, if their cognitive abilities are different prior to the experiment, the result should be treated highly cautiously. BA
(E) A second experiment in which subjects consumed large quantities of the sweetener lacked a control group of subjects who were not given the sweetener.
A second lacking a control group is irrelevant.
44. (33039-!-item-!-188;#058&007556)
Half of the subjects in an experiment--the experimental group--consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener. Afterward, this group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other half of the subjects--the control group--who did not consume the sweetener. The detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid that is one of the sweetener's principal constituents.
Which of the following, if true, would best help explain how the sweetener might produce the observed effect?
(A) The government's analysis of the artificial sweetener determined that it was sold in relatively pure form.
This answer choice has no effect on the argument.
(B) A high level of the amino acid in the blood inhibits the synthesis of a substance required for normal brain functioning.
Yes, in this case, it points out a harmful function of a high level of the amino acidin the blood, thus helping explain the observed effect. BA
(C) Because the sweetener is used primarily as a food additive, adverse reactions to it are rarely noticed by consumers.
The usage of the sweetener and the care of consumers cannot explain the observed effect in the experiment.
(D) The amino acid that is a constituent of the sweetener is also sold separately as a dietary supplement.
The usage of the amino acid is irrelevant.
(E) Subjects in the experiment did not know whether they were consuming the sweetener or a second, harmless substance.
This cannot help explain the observed effect in the experiment.
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发表于 2012-6-29 21:53:30
verweight people lower metabolising rate than normal
