请解答N道pp语法题，多了些！不好意思

ivory

我很菜鸟，问的问题希望大家不要笑话我！还有10天要考了，我怎么做题越做越糊涂了呢？：（
（这些问题应该和前面没有重复的，谢谢！）

PP
Test_1

4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the
  decentralization of cities throughout the United States,
  _________ when massive highway-building programs
  permitted greater suburban growth.

       and accelerated a phenomenon  
       a phenomenon that accelerated  
       accelerating a phenomenon which,  
       the acceleration of which phenomenon  
好像两个句子中间没有连词吧？perhaps能当连词用吗？

8. In instrumentalist philosophy, ideas and knowledge are
exclusively functional processes: they are of significance
only _________ instrumental in the development of
experience.

              as they are  
              are they  
              there are  
              are  
这是个什么用法啊？ of significance only___，我靠语感答的，但不明白怎么回事？

13. _________ the percentage of individuals with similar
   traits in succeeding generations, geneticists use
   the theory of probability.

              The calculation of  
              To calculate  
              Is calculating  
              Calculated  
主要是B和D，看后面句子的主语，如果被动就是过去分词，主动是不定式对吗？

31. All the major cities of the United States, ________ the
   cities of the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico, began
   as centers of trade.

                   and to include  
                   which including  
                   included  
                   including  
问一下C与D的区别：

38. Chaparral consists of _________ stunted by short,
   wet winters followed by long, dry summers.

             are trees and shrubs  
             how trees and shrubs  
             trees and shrubs have  
             trees and shrubs  
为什么不是C呢？

46. In 1966 only 60 percent of all five year olds in the
   United States attended kindergarten, _________ in
   1985 almost 82 percent did so.

                   with  
                   which  
                   whether  
                   while  
是什么用法呢？

47. _________ industries, inventions, and communal
   endeavors of the Shakers, the best known is
   their fine furniture.

                Of the many  
                Their many  
                Are the many  
                Many of the  
这道题最糊涂：为什么不是D呢？逗号前也不是完整句。

52. The Franklin stove, invented around 1742, ________,
    originally with a partially open front, and was designed
    to fit into a fireplace.

               was made of cast iron  
               cast iron was made of  
               cast of iron was made  
               was of iron made cast
这里的invented作什么成分啊？

57. With _________ formal art training and largely
   self-educated, Anna Mary Moses, known as
   Grandma Moses, began to paint rural scenes
   at the age of seventy-eight.

                  not  
                  no  
                  neither  
                  never
formal是形容词啊，为什么还要用no（形容词）
去修饰，而不是not（副词）

61. At the time of Columbus' voyages, Native Americans
   used an astounding diversity of languages, ________
   the diversity used by Europeans.

                   the greatest by far  
                   by far than greater  
                   by far the greatest  
                   greater by far than  
选D感觉很怪啊

71. The coal industry is important to every industrial
   nations because most other industries are directly
   or indirectly dependent on it.
答案是A，是否改成each呢，还有every 与each 的区别是什么啊？

72. The brightly colored kingfisher that perches  until it sights a fish, then dives into the water
   to catch its prey.
B怎么错了呢？

75.A single bacterium has the potential to produce 16 million copies of themselves in a day.
应该是选D吧，改成：iteself ?

87. The piano as it is known today represents  a long series of experiments extend back
   to the year 1711, or perhaps even earlier.
是把extend改成extending吗？

92. The major component of the sedimentary rock  called shale is clay, an earthy, fine-grained
   material consisting primary of a particular  group of crystalline minerals.
C怎么改啊？

96. Cyclamates were introduced in the early 1950's  as alternative sweeteners for use by individuals
   who needed reducing their sugar intake for  medical reasons.
是need后面跟to do 吗？

98. The Hopi, descendants of the prehistoric Anasazi  people, are a Pueblo people who of the southwestern
   United States.
感觉C很怪，但D怎么改啊？

108. To classical scholar, rhetoric was important in   three spheres of human interaction : in law courts,
    in legislative assemblies, and in public forums.
把scholar加"S",对吗？

109. The stark, boxy forms of European modernist   architectural dominated United States cityscapes in
    the building boom following the Second World War.
不太明白这里architectural,应该是形容词，可后面的dominated，前面不需要用副词吗？

110. Subjects of Cecilia Beaux's paintings included   prominent figures in government, the arts, and
    financial , but her strongest works are portraits of  family members and friends.
financial是形容词啊，怎么不是按对称呢？要把C加"the"吗？

111. By 1920 the area of the United States under cultivation   had more than doubled in just 50 years, and the
    national population that surpassed 100 million.
不知道D怎么错了啊？

113. In the United States, the first roads were paved in   colonial times, first with logs, latest with cobblestones
latest怎么改呢？

118. When expelled from the nucleus of an atom, a  neutron is unstable and decay to form a proton
    and an electron.
不明白C怎么错啦？

129. The completion of the first transcontinental railroad   in 1869 gave California its first direct rail connection
    with a rest of the United States.
D怎么改呢？

137. The building knew as the Capitol is situated on Capitol  Hill in Washington, D.C., and it houses the legislative
     branch of the United States government.
是改成：was knewn吗？

140. It is said that no potential frontier has such fired
    the imagination or challenged the ingenuity of
    humankind as has space.
虽然看见前面有个解答，但不明白为什么啊？

141. The Congress of the United States can initiate
    legislation and significantly amend or rejection
    Presidential legislative proposals.
不知C错哪里了？

Diana

这么多！让我先晕一把…………

Diana

4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the
  decentralization of cities throughout the United States,
  _________ when massive highway-building programs
  permitted greater suburban growth.

       and accelerated a phenomenon  
       a phenomenon that accelerated  
       accelerating a phenomenon which,  
       the acceleration of which phenomenon  
好像两个句子中间没有连词吧？perhaps能当连词用吗？
※※※※
B。后面的a phenomenon是前面这个完整句子中decentralization的同位语。

有事先发，回头继续。

ivory

再请教像第四题这种同位语如果两个句子应该怎么判断呢？我只对主语同位语有点敏感！：（
这样在后面的有什么好办法吗？

toefl_2003

4. （Perhaps ）（the most significant postwar ）trend was the
  decentralization （of cities throughout the United States,）
a phenomenon（ that accelerated）  （when massive highway-building programs
  permitted greater suburban growth.）这样句子成分清晰了吧！
8. they are of significance ( only as they are  instrumental）.  be + of +n=be + a.
13. To calculate .不定式可用于主动和被动。
31. included 为被动，被动不能带宾语（除了能带双宾语的动词），including vt. 主动
38.已有动词 consists
46. while 转折关系连词＝but
47. the best know of the many .....
52. (which was) invented ... 省略的定语从句
57. no (formal) art 修饰art, 不是没有formal
61. greater (by far) than = much greater than, by far可以修饰比较级和最高级
71. every 改为all, 在toefl中你就认为一样吧。其他概念我就不混淆你了
72. 去掉that这是一个简单句
75. 87.  同意
92. primary改为adv
96. 在这是
98. 去掉who
108. 109 同意
110. finance
111. 改为： surpassed； 简单句＋ and + 简单句
113. last, 前面有first， last 和first 对应
118. decays 和 is 平行
129。固定搭配the rest of, the beginning of....用the
137。 known
140. as…as 结构,such 改为as
141. reject 和 amend平行
总算打完了。好人啊！我都为我自己感动了，不过比起版主来说差多了！团结就是力量嘛！

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-6-13 11:37:16编辑过]

Diana

没有标明ABCD，偶又没有PPreview的第一版，没法儿看这些题目。请ivory兄弟标一下，只要用4个（）括一下就好了。

ivory

再来一遍，为什么从word拷过来的下划线失踪了呢？

多谢Diana帮忙解答的问题，我真的很菜，不要嫌我烦啊！不好意思


PP
Test_1

4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the
  decentralization of cities throughout the United States,
  _________ when massive highway-building programs
  permitted greater suburban growth.

       and accelerated a phenomenon  
       a phenomenon that accelerated  
       accelerating a phenomenon which,  
       the acceleration of which phenomenon  
好像两个句子中间没有连词吧？perhaps能当连词用吗？

8. In instrumentalist philosophy, ideas and knowledge are
exclusively functional processes: they are of significance
only _________ instrumental in the development of
experience.

              as they are  
              are they  
              there are  
              are  
这是个什么用法啊？ of significance only___，我靠语感答的，但不明白怎么回事？

13. _________ the percentage of individuals with similar
   traits in succeeding generations, geneticists use
   the theory of probability.

              The calculation of  
              To calculate  
              Is calculating  
              Calculated  
主要是B和D，看后面句子的主语，如果被动就是过去分词，主动是不定式对吗？

31. All the major cities of the United States, ________ the
   cities of the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico, began
   as centers of trade.

                   and to include  
                   which including  
                   included  
                   including  
问一下C与D的区别：

38. Chaparral consists of _________ stunted by short,
   wet winters followed by long, dry summers.

             are trees and shrubs  
             how trees and shrubs  
             trees and shrubs have  
             trees and shrubs  
为什么不是C呢？

46. In 1966 only 60 percent of all five year olds in the
   United States attended kindergarten, _________ in
   1985 almost 82 percent did so.

                   with  
                   which  
                   whether  
                   while  
是什么用法呢？

47. _________ industries, inventions, and communal
   endeavors of the Shakers, the best known is
   their fine furniture.

                Of the many  
                Their many  
                Are the many  
                Many of the  
这道题最糊涂：为什么不是D呢？逗号前也不是完整句。

52. The Franklin stove, invented around 1742, ________,
    originally with a partially open front, and was designed
    to fit into a fireplace.

               was made of cast iron  
               cast iron was made of  
               cast of iron was made  
               was of iron made cast
这里的invented作什么成分啊？

57. With _________ formal art training and largely
   self-educated, Anna Mary Moses, known as
   Grandma Moses, began to paint rural scenes
   at the age of seventy-eight.

                  not  
                  no  
                  neither  
                  never
formal是形容词啊，为什么还要用no（形容词）
去修饰，而不是not（副词）

61. At the time of Columbus' voyages, Native Americans
   used an astounding diversity of languages, ________
   the diversity used by Europeans.

                   the greatest by far  
                   by far than greater  
                   by far the greatest  
                   greater by far than  
选D感觉很怪啊

71. The coal industry is important to (every) industrial
   nations (because) most (other) industries are directly
   or indirectly (dependent) on it.
答案是A，是否改成each呢，还有every 与each 的区别是什么啊？

72. The (brightly) colored kingfisher (that perches) until it sights a fish, then dives into (the water)
   to catch (its) prey.
B怎么错了呢？

75.A (single) bacterium has the (potential) to (produce) 16 million copies of (themselves )in a day.
应该是选D吧，改成：iteself ?

87. The piano (as it) is known today represents (a long series )of experiments (extend) back
   to the year 1711, or perhaps (even earlier).
是把extend改成extending吗？

92. The major (component) of the sedimentary rock called shale is clay, an (earthy), fine-grained
   material consisting (primary) of a (particular)  group of crystalline minerals.
C怎么改啊？

96. Cyclamates were introduced in the early 1950's  (as )alternative sweeteners (for) use (by individuals)
   who needed (reducing) their sugar intake for  medical reasons.
是need后面跟to do 吗？

98. The Hopi, (descendants) of the (prehistoric) Anasazi  people, are (a) Pueblo (people who) of the southwestern
   United States.
感觉C很怪，但D怎么改啊？

108. To classical (scholar), rhetoric was (important) in   three spheres of (human interaction) : in law courts,
    in legislative assemblies, and in (public) forums.
把scholar加"S",对吗？

109. The (stark), boxy forms of European modernist   (architectural) dominated United States cityscapes in
    the (building boom) (following) the Second World War.
不太明白这里architectural,应该是形容词，可后面的dominated，前面不需要用副词吗？

110. Subjects of Cecilia Beaux's paintings included   (prominent) figures in government, the arts, and
    (financial) , but her (strongest) works are portraits (of family) members and friends.
financial是形容词啊，怎么不是按对称呢？要把C加"the"吗？

111. (By) 1920 the area of the United States (under cultivation) had (more) than doubled in just 50 years, and the
    national population (that surpassed) 100 million.
不知道D怎么错了啊？

113. In the United States, (the first roads) were paved in   colonial times, first with logs, (latest) with cobblestones
latest怎么改呢？

118. When (expelled) from the nucleus of an atom, a  neutron is (unstable) and (decay) to (form) a proton
    and an electron.
不明白C怎么错啦？

129. The (completion) of the first transcontinental railroad   in 1869 (gave) California its first (direct) rail connection
    with (a) rest of the United States.
D怎么改呢？

137. The building (knew) as the Capitol (is situated) on Capitol  Hill in Washington, D.C., (and it) houses the legislative
     branch (of the) United States government.
是改成：was knewn吗？

140. It (is said) that no potential frontier has (such) fired
    the imagination or challenged the (ingenuity) of
    humankind (as has) space.
虽然看见前面有个解答，但不明白为什么啊？

141. The Congress of the United States can (initiate)
    legislation and (significantly) amend or (rejection)
    Presidential (legislative proposals).
不知C错哪里了？

toefl_2003

我在五楼给你打过了！同意吗？

Diana

以下是引用toefl_2003在2003-6-13 11:40:00的发言：
我在五楼给你打过了！同意吗？

呵呵，MM别郁闷，ivory兄弟定然把你的解答当成我的贴了。谢谢MM热心的回答，辛苦了！Bow～～～

多谢diana帮忙解答的问题，我真的很菜，不要嫌我烦啊！不好意思

不谢不谢，有问题就是要大家一起讨论嘛。你的大部分问题都是toefl_2003MM帮你解答的，好好谢谢她喔，呵呵。
建议你下次一旦发现问题就马上贴出来问大家，这样既可以及时解决，又不会因为堆在那里堆得太多。加油喔！

ivory

哎呀，我搞错了
tooefl_2003MMJJ我真是糊涂！该打，着实该打！
ETS快把我给逼疯了，一天到晚心不在焉的。
郑重在这里向toefl_2003MMJJ表示由衷的感谢！

DianaJJ
是有点太多啦，可我是一早上做的啊，这么多不明白的，情急之下~~，不好意思啊!