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6.
Unlike newspapers in the old days, today’s
newspapers and televised news programs are full of
stories about murders and assaults in our city. One
can only conclude from this change that violent
crime is now out of control, and, to be safe from
personal attack, one should not leave one’s home
except for absolute necessities.
The logic chain of the argument is that since more stories about murders and assaults have been reported by newspapers and televised news programs, people should think that violent crime is now out of control and should stay at home avoiding personal attack.
Which one of the following, if true, would cast the
most serious doubt on the conclusion?
(A) Newspapers and televised news programs have
more comprehensive coverage of violent
crime than newspapers did in the old days.
In this case, it is reasonable to find out more violent crimes today than those in old days, but the real threat of violent crimes may not increase. BA
(B) National data show that violent crime is out of
control everywhere, not just in the author’s
city.
Actually, this answer choice strengthens the argument, rather than casts doubt on the conclusion.
(C) Police records show that people experience
more violent crimes in their own
neighborhoods than they do outside their
neighborhoods.
It feels like a Shell Game answer. It seems like the safety in neighborhoods is lower than that is outside neighborhoods. However, the comparison does not weaken the conclusion that people should not leave their homes. For example, if a person leaves his home, there is more likely that a theft would happen in his home; on the other hand, if he stays at home, the probability may be reduced.
Besides, this answer strengthens the argument.
(D) Murder comprised a larger proportion of
violent crimes in the old days than it does
today.
Even though the percentage may decrease, the total number of crimes may increase today.
(E) News magazines play a more important role
today in informing the public about crime
than they did in the old days.
Actually, this answer choice strengthens the argument.
1. (24021-!-item-!-188;#058&000691)
On Pacific islands, a newly arrived gecko species, the house gecko, is displacing the previously established mourning gecko in urban areas, but populations of the two species are more stable in rural areas far from human settlement. The house gecko does not attack the mourning gecko, but in areas where insects congregate it prevents the mourning gecko from feeding on them.
Which of the following contributes most to an explanation of the difference between gecko populations in urban and rural areas?
(A) In urban areas, geckos are valued because they eat so many insects.
This answer choice does not point out the difference between house gecko and mourning gecko.
(B) Geckos defend territories against other members of the same species.
The same to A.
(C) House geckos that arrive on islands are carried there in boats and planes.
The way how house geckos came to islands is outside the scope of the argument.
(D) In places where there are lighted buildings, insects tend to gather around the light.
It seems irrelevant, but a more thorough analysis reveals that it is the best answer. As we know, there are more lighted buildings in urban areas than in rural areas. So it is reasonable to assume that there are more insects congregating in urban areas than in rural areas. What’s more, the argument points out that in areas where insects congregate house gecko prevents mourning gecko from feeding on them. Thus, the logic chain is reasonable. BA
(E) Mourning geckos are all females and reproduce asexually, but house geckos reproduce sexually.
The same to A.
2. (24069-!-item-!-188;#058&000703)
Downtown Villieu was once a flourishing business district, but most Villieu-area businesses are now located only in the suburbs. The office buildings downtown lack the modern amenities most business operators demand today. To lure more businesses downtown, Villieu officials plan to have several modern office buildings constructed and to offer reduced local tax rates to any business that leases space in a new downtown building.
Which of the following, if true, most threatens the plan's likelihood of success?
(A) Most of the businesses currently located in downtown Villieu have long-term leases on the space they occupy there.
It seems to weaken the argument, but if the local tax rates in new buildings are lower than those of their currently located buildings, they may choose the new buildings. So it cannot weaken the argument.
(B) The existing office buildings in downtown Villieu have, on average, a much higher vacancy rate than do office buildings in Villieu's suburbs.
The same to A.
(C) The local tax rates in Villieu's suburbs are significantly lower than downtown Villieu's proposed rate for businesses that lease space in the new office buildings.
In this case, it is reasonable to predict that the plan would not succeed, considering the higher cost to move in new buildings. BA
(D) Most of the businesses that currently lease office space in downtown Villieu also lease office space in Villieu's suburbs.
This answer is irrelevant.
(E) With the new office buildings, downtown Villieu would have a greater amount of modern office space than any other downtown business district in the region.
Actually, this answer choice strengthens the argument.
3. (24117-!-item-!-188;#058&000708)
Northern Air has dozens of flights daily into and out of Belleville Airport, which is highly congested. Northern Air depends for its success on economy and quick turnaround and consequently is planning to replace its large planes with Skybuses, whose novel aerodynamic design is extremely fuel efficient. The Skybus' fuel efficiency results in both lower fuel costs and reduced time spent refueling.
Which of the following, if true, could present the most serious disadvantage for Northern Air in replacing their large planes with Skybuses?
(A) The Skybus would enable Northern Air to schedule direct flights to destinations that currently require stops for refueling.
In fact, this answer choice strengthens the plan.
(B) Aviation fuel is projected to decline in price over the next several years.
It is irrelevant.
(C) The fuel efficiency of the Skybus would enable Northern Air to eliminate refueling at some of its destinations, but several mechanics would lose their jobs.
Unemployment is outside the scope of the argument.
(D) None of Northern Air's competitors that use Belleville Airport are considering buying Skybuses.
Perhaps, they cannot afford the Skybuses, not meaning that this kind of airplane is not good.
(E) The aerodynamic design of the Skybus causes turbulence behind it when taking off that forces other planes on the runway to delay their takeoffs.
In this case, the Skybus would increase delays, thus weakening the advantage of Northern Air, which depends for its success on economy and quick turnaround. BA
4. (24257-!-item-!-188;#058&001200)
Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
A new machine for harvesting corn will allow rows to be planted only fifteen inches apart, instead of the usual thirty inches. Corn planted this closely will produce lower yields per plant. Nevertheless, the new machine will allow corn growers to double their profits per acre because __________.
(A) with the closer spacing of the rows, the growing corn plants will quickly form a dense canopy of leaves, which will, by shading the ground, minimize the need for costly weed control and irrigation
In this case, it points out an advantage that closer planting has. Since the need for costly weed control and irrigation is minimized, the profits will increase. BA
(B) with the closer spacing of the rows, corn plants will be forced to grow taller because of increased competition for sunlight from neighboring corn plants
Actually, this weakens the argument. Growing taller will lower yields per plant.
(C) with the larger number of plants growing per acre, more fertilizer will be required
This is similar to B.
(D) with the spacing between rows cut by half, the number of plants grown per acre will almost double
Even though the number of plants doubles, the profits won’t make sure to increase per acre, considering the lower yields per plant.
(E) with the closer spacing of the rows, the acreage on which corn is planted will be utilized much more intensively than it was before, requiring more frequent fallow years in which corn fields are left unplanted
This does actually cast doubt on the conclusion.
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发表于 2012-7-15 12:43:14
ne should not go out for safety.