【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-18】

bananazoo

今天的作业：

【精练】

5. Researcher: People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders. But my data show that the amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV. So watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders.
A questionable aspect of the reasoning above is that it
(A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder



【逻辑链】
69.
Excavation of the ancient city of Kourion on the island of Cyprus revealed a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes.  Archaeologists have hypothesized that the destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the archaeologists' hypothesis?
(A) Bronze ceremonial drinking vessels that are often found in graves dating from years preceding and following A.D. 365 were also found in several graves near Kourion.
(B) No coins minted after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion, but coins minted before that year were found in abundance.
(C) Most modern histories of Cyprus mention that an earthquake occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
(D) Several small statues carved in styles current in Cyprus in the century between A.D. 300 and 400 were found in Kourion.
(E) Stone inscriptions in a form of the Greek alphabet that was definitely used in Cyprus after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion.
70.
According to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating depression, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression.  Yet sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the conventional treatments, which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects.
Which of the following, if true, best explains the fact that sleep-deprivation is not used as a treatment for depression?
(A) For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night's sleep induces a temporary sense of euphoria.
(B) Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed.
(C) Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by consuming several ounces of alcohol.
(D) The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular changes in brain chemistry.
(E) Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes.
71.
In many corporations, employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money.  However, many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive, and the same corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the author's argument?
(A) Many workers who have already lost their jobs to automation have been unable to find new jobs.
(B) Many corporations that have failed to automate have seen their profits decline.
(C) Taxes and unemployment insurance are paid also by corporations that are not automating.
(D) Most of the new jobs created by automation pay less than the jobs eliminated by automation did.
(E) The initial investment in machinery for automation is often greater than the short-term savings in labor costs.
72.
United States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care.  Almost all paying patients now rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills.  Recently, insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs.
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information above?
(A) Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income patients.
(B) If hospitals do not find ways of raising additional income for unreimbursed care, they must either deny some of that care or suffer losses if they give it.
(C) Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care.
(D) If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for unreimbursed care.
(E) Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining.

bananazoo

逻辑链答案：BEAB把前面的全选就可以看到答案啦~
精练解析：
[attachimg=787,452]93948[/attachimg]
那啥，不好意思~突然电脑就不能复制pdf了。。。囧~明天正常了~再把答案重新发上来吧~

HarrisZheng

I do not understand how this works.

there is no options at all.

bananazoo

I do not understand how this works.

there is no options at all.

-- by 会员 HarrisZheng (2011/12/6 22:54:32)

选项被拉白了，是白色的字体~
是为了，让大家在做之前自己预测下答案~留一个思考的过程~
只要你选中空白的区域就会显示出来的~
加油！

HarrisZheng

C
69 B
70 E   I am little confused with the argument, lack of sleep leads to depression, so it is obvious that sleep-depriviation should not be the treatment for depression. Why use the word "yet" in this argument to make it express the adversative meaning?
71 A
72 B

fox0923

精练---------------------23s---------------------------weaken
P: People with personality disorders have theta brian waves more than people without personality disorders.
C: Since watching TV can develop more theta brain waves, so watch TV would be the cause of personality disorders.
Prephrase: People with personality disorders would develop more brain waves.
                  People without personality disorders spend time on TV more than people with personality disorders.

Analysis:
(A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously-----------------we don't have to define the terminology.
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”------------------------this is not the issue either.
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection---------------------bingo!
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data----------the argument doesn't give any sample of data.
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder------wrong! The passage infers a personality disorder is a consequence of watch TV.

zz42050524

2011/12/7 flaw of reasoning  28s
People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain weaves than that without disorder.
Watching TV can increase brain weaves,
Watching TV can increase the risk of personality disorder.
Pre: It is certain personality disorders that result in more brain weaves, not brain weaves cause personality disorder.
A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection    本身无因果，错误的表示了一个因果，就是这个答案了。
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder

qiuhua01234567

来了，还有2天进群罗，哈哈
Background：Researcher: People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders

Premise: my data show that the amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV

Conclusion: watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders

(A)uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously

(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”

(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection

----------------------------------------------------------------------------correct.
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder
2.background: Excavation of the ancient city of Kourion on the island
of Cyprus revealed a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes.
Conclusion: destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365

(A)Bronze ceremonial drinking vessels that are often found in graves dating from years preceding and following A.D. 365 were also found in several graves near Kourion.

(B) No coins minted after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion, but coins minted before that year were found in abundance.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(C) Most modern histories of Cyprus
mention that an earthquake occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
(D) Several small statues carved in styles current in Cyprus in the century between A.D. 300 and 400 were found in Kourion.
(E) Stone inscriptions in a form of the Greek alphabet that was definitely used in Cyprus after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion.
Background: According to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating depression, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression

Conclusion: Yet sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the conventional treatments, which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects.

(A)For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night's sleep induces a temporary sense of euphoria.
(B) Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed.
(C) Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by consuming several ounces of alcohol.
(D) The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular changes in brain chemistry.
(E) Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct

Background: In many corporations, employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money

Conclusion: many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive, and the same corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.

(A)Many workers who have already lost their jobs to automation have been unable to find new jobs.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(B) Many corporations that have failed to automate have seen their profits decline.
(C) Taxes and unemployment insurance are paid also by corporations that are not automating.
(D) Most of the new jobs created by automation pay less than the jobs eliminated by automation did.
(E) The initial investment in machinery for automation is often greater than the short-term savings in labor costs.

Background: United States
hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care
(A)Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income patients.
(B) If hospitals do not find ways of raising additional income for unreimbursed care, they must either deny some of that care or suffer losses if they give it.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(C) Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care.
(D) If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for unreimbursed care.
(E) Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining.

fox0923

来了，还有2天进群罗，哈哈
Background：Researcher: People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders

Premise: my data show that the amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV

Conclusion: watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders

(A)uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously

(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”

(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection

----------------------------------------------------------------------------correct.
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder
2.background: Excavation of the ancient city of Kourion on the island
of Cyprus revealed a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes.
Conclusion: destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365

(A)Bronze ceremonial drinking vessels that are often found in graves dating from years preceding and following A.D. 365 were also found in several graves near Kourion.

(B) No coins minted after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion, but coins minted before that year were found in abundance.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(C) Most modern histories of Cyprus
mention that an earthquake occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
(D) Several small statues carved in styles current in Cyprus in the century between A.D. 300 and 400 were found in Kourion.
(E) Stone inscriptions in a form of the Greek alphabet that was definitely used in Cyprus after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion.
Background: According to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating depression, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression

Conclusion: Yet sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the conventional treatments, which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects.

(A)For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night's sleep induces a temporary sense of euphoria.
(B) Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed.
(C) Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by consuming several ounces of alcohol.
(D) The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular changes in brain chemistry.
(E) Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct

Background: In many corporations, employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money

Conclusion: many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive, and the same corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.

(A)Many workers who have already lost their jobs to automation have been unable to find new jobs.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(B) Many corporations that have failed to automate have seen their profits decline.
(C) Taxes and unemployment insurance are paid also by corporations that are not automating.
(D) Most of the new jobs created by automation pay less than the jobs eliminated by automation did.
(E) The initial investment in machinery for automation is often greater than the short-term savings in labor costs.

Background: United States
hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care
(A)Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income patients.
(B) If hospitals do not find ways of raising additional income for unreimbursed care, they must either deny some of that care or suffer losses if they give it.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(C) Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care.
(D) If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for unreimbursed care.
(E) Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining.

-- by 会员 qiuhua01234567 (2011/12/7 9:14:40)

qiuhua加油加油哈~~

xeyyxzty

1. background information: People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders. premise:t my data show that the amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV.
conclusion: watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders.
(A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously
--irrelevant
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
--irrelevant
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection
--right
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
--irrelevant
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder
--irrelevant2.premise:Excavation of the ancient city of Kourion on the island of Cyprus revealed a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes.  
conclusion:Archaeologists have hypothesized that the destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
there were no other earthquakes happened during that period of time~and the buildings were built before A.D.365
(A) Bronze ceremonial drinking vessels that are often found in graves dating from years preceding and following A.D. 365 were also found in several graves near Kourion.
--weaken
(B) No coins minted after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion, but coins minted before that year were found in abundance.
--support--right
(C) Most modern histories of Cyprus mention that an earthquake occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
--irrelevant
(D) Several small statues carved in styles current in Cyprus in the century between A.D. 300 and 400 were found in Kourion.
--not sure
(E) Stone inscriptions in a form of the Greek alphabet that was definitely used in Cyprus after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion.
--weaken
3.
Which of the following, if true, best explains the fact that sleep-deprivation is not used as a treatment for depression?premise: According to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating depression, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression.+ the conventional treatments, which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects.
conclusion: sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression
it's because lack of sleep may cause more severe problems~maybe it's the illusion of patients
(A) For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night's sleep induces a temporary sense of euphoria.
--irrelevant, or slightly support
(B) Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed.
--irrelevant
(C) Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by consuming several ounces of alcohol.
--irrelevant
(D) The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular changes in brain chemistry.
--irrelevant
(E) Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes.
--right
4. background information:In many corporations, employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money.
premise:many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive
conclusion:the same corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.
(A) Many workers who have already lost their jobs to automation have been unable to find new jobs.
--irrelevant--right
(B) Many corporations that have failed to automate have seen their profits decline.
--irrelevant
(C) Taxes and unemployment insurance are paid also by corporations that are not automating.
--???right???
(D) Most of the new jobs created by automation pay less than the jobs eliminated by automation did.
--irrelevant
(E) The initial investment in machinery for automation is often greater than the short-term savings in labor costs.
--irrelevant

5. background information:United States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care. Almost all paying patients now rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills.
premise: Recently, insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs.
conclusion:???
revenues will decline
(A) Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income patients.
--irrelevant
(B) If hospitals do not find ways of raising additional income for unreimbursed care, they must either deny some of that care or suffer losses if they give it.
--right
(C) Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care.
--irrelevant
(D) If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for unreimbursed care.
--irrelevant
(E) Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining.
--irrelevant