【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-17】

baseboss

1.babies born  prematurely  low birth weight.
take care of pregnant woman will reduce the low birth weight baby.
presume:
root cause for low birth weight is born prematurely.

(A) The hospital records indicate that many babies
that are born with normal birth weights are
born to mothers who had inadequate prenatal
care.
-->irrelevant
(B) Mothers giving birth prematurely are routinely
classified by hospitals as having received
inadequate prenatal care when the record of
that care is not available.
-->weaken
(C) The hospital records indicate that low birth
weight babies were routinely classified as
having been born prematurely.
-->irrelevant
(D) Some babies not born prematurely, whose
mothers received adequate prenatal care,
have low birth weights.
-->irrelevant
(E) Women who receive adequate prenatal care are
less likely to give birth prematurely than are
women who do not receive adequate prenatal
care.
-->irrelevant

二楼往下掉

这两天考试，搞得时间紧张。。。明天考完了再把四道逻辑链的选项分析补上吧。。。
1.

（1）35s weaken
（2）逻辑链
Primes:
<1>babies born prematurely were more likely to have low birth weights and to suffer from health problems than were babies not born prematurely
<2> mothers who had received adequate prenatal care were less likely to have low birth weight babies than were mothers who had received inadequate prenatal care
Conclusion:
Adequate prenatal care, therefore, significantly decreases the risk of low birth weight babies.
（4）A：体重正常的应该比较可能是adequate prenatal care的孕妇，loser
B：无关选项，loser
C：无关选项，loser
D：有例外，loser
E：非A推非B，contender
所以，选E

2.
（1）25s support
（2）逻辑链
Background:
Sales of telephones have increased dramatically over the last year.
Premise:
Mammoth Industries plans to expand production of its own model of telephone, while continuing its already very extensive advertising of this product.
Conclusion:
To take advantage of this increase,

3.
（1）50s assumption
（2）逻辑链
Background:
Bank depositors in the United States are all financially protected against bank failure because the government insures all individuals' bank deposits.
Premise:
Since it removes from depositors any financial incentive to find out whether the bank that holds their money is secure against failure. If depositors were more selective, then banks would need to be secure in order to compete for depositors' money.
Conclusion:
An economist argues that this insurance is partly responsible for the high rate of bank failures,

4.
（1）45s weaken
（2）逻辑链
Background:
A drug that is highly effective in treating many types of infection can, at present, be obtained only from the bark of the ibora, a tree that is quite rare in the wild.
Premise:
It takes the bark of 5,000 trees to make one kilogram of the drug.
Conclusion:
That continued production of the drug must inevitably lead to the ibora's extinction.

5.
（1）45s support
（2）逻辑链
Background:
Manufacturers sometimes discount the price of a product to retailers for a promotion period
when the product is advertised to consumers
Premise:
Such promotions often result in a dramatic
increase in amount of product sold by the manufacturers to retailers
conclusion：
The manufacturers could often make more profit by not holding the promotions.

jetyxo

1  36"  background: baby borned  prematurely maore likely to have low weight;
                               mother who received adequate prenatal care are less likely to have low weight baby
          conclusion: adequate prenatal care can reduce the risk of low weight baby
          weaken: mother who received adequate pranatal care doesn't have low risk of have baby prematurely
          A D Esupport  C irrelevant          answer:B
---------------------------------------------------------------------
2  26" background: sales of telephone increased last year
                              company M plan to increase the production and contiune advertise
          weaken:   A B C D irrelevant    answer:E  although reducing the price, M can not competed with other company
------------------------------------------------------------
3 33" premise: if money depositors can make choices by themselves to choose the bank ,
         conclusion :the bank will become more secure to attract depositors
         assumption: prople can identify which bank is more secure---->E
---------------------------------------------------------------
4  21"  premise: a drug can be obtained from a rare tree
           conclusion: production of this kind drug will lead to the extinction of the tree
          weaken: this tree can also be proliferate by human--------->D
------------------------------------------------------------
5 26"  premise: pricce discount to retailer---> increase in sales
          conclusion: if not give discount price to retailers ,the producer will get more profits
         reason: the retailers just give customers less dicount than they got from the producerd, with the result that increase in  sales does not make more profits
           answer: D   increase in sales doesn't means consumer increase

LuckyYolandaLi

4.
1）计时：63s
2）逻辑链：
Premise: Babies born prematurely were more likely to have low birth weights and to suffer from health problems than were babies not born prematurely. Mothers who had received adequate prenatal care were less likely to have low birth weight babies than were mothers who had received inadequate prenatal care.
Conclusion: Adequate prenatal care significantly decreases the risk of low birth weight babies.
3）推测：Mother who had received adequate prenatal care, however, gave birth to a prematurely born baby.
4）选项分析：选C（正确答案：B）
A: Irrelevant.
B: Strengthen. （意思为：没有prenatal care记录的人就归入receive inadequate prenatal care了。但其实无prenatal care记录的人也可能是receive adequate prenatal care的。看答案解释前对句子的理解不准）
C: Correct.不太确定。。。（该选项与结论无关）
D: Irrelevant.
E: Strengthen.


65.
1）计时：34s
2）逻辑链：
Background information: Sales of telephones have increased dramatically over the last year.
Premise: Mammoth Industries are to take advantage of this increase.
Conclusion: Mammoth Industries plans to expand production of its own model of telephone, while continuing its already very extensive advertising of this product.
3）推测：Mammoth already have many telephones that hadn’t been sold out. Consumers who want to buy telephones have already seen the advertisement (, so there is no need to continue advertising).
4）选项分析：选E
A: Irrelevant.甚至有点Counteractive.
B: 同A.
C: Irrelevant.
D: Irrelevant.
E: Correct.


66.
1）计时：73s
2）逻辑链：
Background information: Bank depositors in the United States are all financially protected against bank failure because the government insures all individuals' bank deposits.
Premise: this insurance is partly responsible for the high rate of bank failures, since it removes from depositors any financial incentive to find out whether the bank that holds their money is secure against failure. Depositors were more selective.
Conclusion: Banks would need to be secure in order to compete for depositors' money.
3）推测：As the insurance removes from depositors any financial incentive to find out whether the bank that holds their money is secure against failure, depositors become not selective.
4）选项分析：选E
A: Irrelevant.
B: Counteractive.
这题好难，我不太懂。。。


67.
1）计时：33s
2）逻辑链：
Background information: A drug that is highly effective in treating many types of infection can, at present, be obtained only from the bark of the ibora, a tree that is quite rare in the wild.
Premise: It takes the bark of 5,000 trees to make one kilogram of the drug.
Conclusion: Continued production of the drug must inevitably lead to the ibora's extinction.
3）推测：Removing the bark of ibora trees won’t affect the growing of the trees.
4）选项分析：选E（正确答案：D）
A: Irrelevant.
B: Irrelevant.
C: Irrelevant.
D: 。。。（单词、句子理解错误）
E: Correct.觉得有点牵强。。。


68.
1）计时：33s
2）逻辑链：
Background information: Manufacturers sometimes discount the price of a product to retailers for a promotion period when the product is advertised to consumers.
Premise: Such promotions often result in a dramatic increase in amount of product sold by the manufacturers to retailers.
Conclusion: The manufacturers could often make more profit by not holding the promotions.
3）推测：The manufacturers sell products at a much higher price generally than in the promotions.
4）选项分析：选D
A: Weaken.
B: Irrelevant.。。。
C: 有点Weaken.
D: Correct. It shows that the total amount of product sold by the manufacturers is almost unchanged whether there is promotion or not.
E: Weaken.

cleotina

1'
weaken
1: baby born premature who always with low birth weight and tend to suffer

more desease risk
2: mother who do not receive enough prenatal care tend to deliver a low

birth baby.
C: give a mother enough prenatal care will significent decrease the low

biith weight baby.
guess:1 mother with less prenatal care tend to deliver a low birth baby.

however, this condition do not take a large percentage among the low

premathre baby.
OA: C
E: strong
others: irrelevant
吼吼 ，错了错了 没有明白选项2的准确意思。或者把选项2 和3 混淆了   拖出去斩了



50''
weaken
1 sales of telephone has increased dramaticly
2 company want to enlarge the prodction of this model and continue its

advertise.
C: in order to take advantage of this incereased
guess:the increase is in other kinds of telephone but not this one since

maybe its old fashion
OA: E
D: strong
others: irrelevant


1'05
assumption
B: Bank depositors in the United States are all financial protected by the

goverment from the bank failure.
Infer: this insurence is reponsible for the highly failure in the bank

industry. Since people will not choose the low risk bank to deposite theirs

money. if the compete is more fire the bank will pay more attention on the

secure to attract the depositors
simple: the insurence low the wary of the secure of bank, so people tend to

choose a bank not concern about its secure
with low competetion in secure, bank tend to risk inventation, thus high

failure.
Guess: there is a way that help people know the secure condition of every

banks.
OA : E
others:irrelevant

30''
weaken
1 a drug is useful
2 the drug is make from a bark of a kind of tree
3 5000 trees can only produce 1 Kg drug
C: if more drug continue produce, the tree will in danger
Guess: the tree can plant easily, so no danger exit
OA: D
E: strong
Others: irrelevant

54''
support
1 promothion in special season with discount
2 more productes sold during the time
However: the profit is not as high as without the promotion
Guess:low peice lead to low total profit
OA: D

Donts

1.计时 50''发现题目一长就不行啊。premise:a survey from 10 hospitals show babies born prematurally have low weight gain and more likely to have health problem. women who received prenatal care is less likely to give birth to prematurally born babies.
conclusion: adequate prenatal care plays a role on decreasing the risk of low birth weight babies.
推测：APC并没有起到作用。推出结论的前提靠不住。prematurally born和low birth weight之间的差异。
(A) The hospital records indicate that many babies
that are born with normal birth weights are
born to mothers who had inadequate prenatal
care.这个不能说明APC没有起到作用，只能说明APC不是必要的。
(B) Mothers giving birth prematurely are routinely
classified by hospitals as having received
inadequate prenatal care when the record of
that care is not available.
(C) The hospital records indicate that low birth
weight babies were routinely classified as
having been born prematurely.
(D) Some babies not born prematurely, whose
mothers received adequate prenatal care,
have low birth weights.正确吧。
(E) Women who receive adequate prenatal care are
less likely to give birth prematurely than are
women who do not receive adequate prenatal
care.加强。

选择D
订正：B
the I mothers may be more
likely to have low birth weight babies, but they can still give birth to babies of normal weight. Hence,answer choice (A) does not attack the argument.
B：“Showing a statistical problem exists with the data used to make the causal statement.” 注意范围的限制，是inadequate prenatal care而不是没有prenatal care的。
(C): The conclusion is about low birth weight babies, not premature babies. Even if low
birth weight babies were routinely classified as premature, that would not affect the conclusion.
目的措施型的题目，措施à目的；因果关系型，不管有没有倒置，总是由因à到果；现象结果性，现象à结论
泪奔。。。
causal statement削弱的方法再巩固：
A. Find an alternate cause for the stated effect
B. Show that even when the cause occurs, the effect does not occur
C. Show that although the effect occurs, the cause did not occur
D. Show that the stated relationship is in fact reversed
E. Show a statistical problem exists with the data used to make the causal
statement

angelafeng

【精练】48S
background information：As expected, records covering the last four years of ten major hospitals indicate that babies born prematurely were more likely to have low birth weights and to suffer from health problems than were babies not born prematurely.

Premise： mothers who had received adequate prenatal care were less likely to have low birth weight babies than were mothers who had received inadequate prenatal care.

Conclusion：Adequate prenatal care significantly decreases the risk of low birth weight babies.

Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the
medical researcher’s argument?
answer：B

(A) The hospital records indicate that many babies
that are born with normal birth weights are
born to mothers who had inadequate prenatal
care.----------this cannot weaken the argument
(B) Mothers giving birth prematurely are routinely
classified by hospitals as having received
inadequate prenatal care when the record of
that care is not available.----------------correct
(C) The hospital records indicate that low birth
weight babies were routinely classified as
having been born prematurely.------------born prematurely has no relation with the conclusion
(D) Some babies not born prematurely, whose
mothers received adequate prenatal care,
have low birth weights.-----------the conclusion did not say anything about born prematurely
(E) Women who receive adequate prenatal care are
less likely to give birth prematurely than are
women who do not receive adequate prenatal
care.--------this has the same problem as the answer C &D

TICKCOCK

1．    B
2．    C（E）
3．    E
4．    D
5．    D

wanggang0411

52
Premise: Records indicate adequate prenatal care cause less low birth weight babies.
Conclusion: Adequate prenatal care decrease the risk of low birth weight babies.
Weaken: The reasoning of conclusion grounds on the records data, so an answer chocie calling this data into question is a correct one.
Answer: B

25
Premise: To increase sels of telephones
Plan A: expanding the production of its own model.
Plan B: continue it's extensive advertising.
Weaken: Firstly, if the requirment of the existed modle is already full in the market, Plan A will not success. On the other hand, if most of potential costomuers already bought a telephone by reason of extensive advertising, the Plan B will not success.
Answer: B, expanding the production is unnecessary since the inventory awaiting shipment to retails has already declined.
E

49

Premise: All bank are financiallly protected by bank failure because the government insures them.
Premise: Because depositor don't have incentive to worry about bank failure so bank won't need to be secure.
Conclusion: This insurance is partly responsible for the high rate of bank failures.
Assumption:
    1.Without this insurance, bank will improve their secure.
    2. Depositors can get their money back from governement even the bank is failure.
E: if depositors can't not determine which banks are secure, banks still not need to improve their secure.
E

26
Premise: To consume a specific type of drug consumes a great quantity of a specific type of trees.
Conclusion: This type of tree will be extincted.
Weaken: The contradiction that there are many other ways to grow this tree weaken the argument.
D: The tree can be propagated and cultivated.
D

42 This argument is very difficult in terms of pointing the conclusion.
Premise: manufacture disccount the price to retails for promotion.
Sub-conclusion: This promotion results dramatic increase.
Conclusion: Without this promotion, manufactor can make more profit.
Strengthen: An evidence proves that the profit of manufacture without promotion is higher than that with promotion.
A: The discount is not likly to increase retailers' sales.
D

我心匪席

Time: 41”
Background Information: Babies born prematurely were more likely to have low birth weights and to suffer from health problems than were babies not born prematurely.
Premises: Mothers received adequate prenatal care were less likely to have low birth weight babies than were mothers who had received inadequate prenatal care.
Conclusion: Adequate prenatal care decreases the risk of low birth weight babies.
Prephase: Can not distinguish whether low birth weight babies is from premature or inadequate prenatal care.
A-----irrelevant
B-----right weaken
C-----irrelevant
D-----irrelevant
E-----support
===============================================
Time: 25”
Background Information: Sales of telephones have increased dramatically over the last year.
Premises: MI expands its telephone, while continuing its already very extensive advertising of this product.
Conclusion: To take advantage of this increase.
Prephase: MI’s sale of telephone has declined.
A-----irrelevant
B-----irrelevant
C-----irrelevant
D-----irrelevant
E-----right weaken
==============================================
Time: 30”
Background Information: Bank depositors in the United States are all financially protected against bank failure because the government insures all individuals' bank deposits. Insurance causes high rate of bank failures, since depositors will not find out whether bank is secure or not.
Premises: Depositors should be more selective.
Conclusion: Bank will be more secure.
A-----irrelevant
B-----irrelevant
C-----irrelevant
D-----irrelevant
E-----right
===========================================
Time: 21”
Background Information: A drug can be obtained from the bark of a rare tree I.
Premises: The tree is rare, and the bark of 5000 trees can make one kilogram of the drug.
Conclusion: I will extinct.
Prephase: New technology will increase efficiency.
A-----irrelevant
B-----irrelevant
C-----irrelevant
D-----right weaken
E-----irrelevant
==============================================
Time: 24”
Background Information: Manufacturers discount and advertise to customers.
Premises: Promotions often result in a dramatic increase in amount of product sold by the manufacturers to retailers.
Conclusion: Manufacturers often make profits by not holding promotions.
A-----irrelevant
B-----irrelevant
C-----irrelevant
D-----right
E-----irrelevant

感谢楼主~