【越障】这篇是神文啊!! 1. Dark matters 是1934年被XX假设出来的,to account for the "missing mass"... 且widely accepted. 一些数据上的evidence, such as rotation velocities..., 也能够支持dark mass 存在的假设. 2. Dark matters 是从 什么galaxy clusters的线速度推断而来的,它的存在能够解释the discrepancies between .. the veloticity of galaxies clusters(??) and the mass of visible matters in the university derived by general approaches; 多数科学家认为dark matters由质量极大地微粒merger而成,微粒间是被weak gravitational forces而联系起来的,但也有人不同意,认为non-gravitational...而且现在正在寻找证据。 3. 描述Dark matters 的显著性质:它的mass-energy ratio是二十几,而ordinary matter的这个比率是个位数,从而得出dark matter的质量占整个universe的83%。 4. 作用:Dark matters can effect --- gravitational lensing; microwave from background... ?? Dark matters also play a important role in modeling the structure of galaxies and the evolution of the universe. 5. Dark matter的地位如此重要,可是目前还是没有direct, precise的证据来证明。接下来说了两种mearurable tools: i. calculation of the orbital veloticity ii. through the STRONG gravitational lensing:( 前面在某处曾解释过什么是gravitational lensing)计算方法是 through calculating the mass-light ratio 6. 最近10年中,又有一种新的更好的Tool被提出:the WEAK gravitational lensing, through measuring the minute distortion... and referred to an adjacent galaxy. --------- 7. 最直接的方法to date for Dark matters:在一个叫Bullet XX里,通过一个collision把dark matters 和其他的分离开 -- (Generally speaking, the dark matters and the visible ones are with each other becuase of the mutual gravitational forces...) 而怎么证明它们被分离开了呢?是让一种micromagnetive wave../gas../particle...(???) 去pass through 那些待验证的matters,若速度放慢,则有ordinary matter,若全速通过,则全部是dark matters 又讲了俩实验过程,一个独立于牛顿力学定律,OK;另一个在理论上有点问题神马的 *突然想起神马地方好像说了句dark matters not only...but also utterly transparent... 忘记在哪儿了== 8. 接下来,dark matters 在modeling the structure... 上起着很重要的作用。。 the evolution of universe is 分层级的,先从低级的开始collapse, Big Bang, to light up Baryons... Ordinary baryonic matters 温度太高,气压太高。。。而dark matters act as compactor... The cold dark matters 已被计算机模拟系统证明与observations相符,Thus,其未来的研究方向: 去追溯the structure... and the origin of dark matters and baryonic matters... ------