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这分词独立主格结构只是独立主格结构的一种。我举的例子也只举了现在分词的例子。其实还有过去分词、形容词、介词短语、不定式与逻辑主语(名词)共同构成独立主格结构的形式。下面各举一个例子吧: This done, we can watch World Cup. 这个做完了我们就可以看世界杯了。(逻辑主语+过去分词) The box was full of crockery, much of it broken. 货箱内装满陶器,而且大部分都已破碎。 (新概念三册-A happy discovery) (逻辑主语+过去分词) He came into the office, his face red with anger. 他走进办公室,脸气得通红。(逻辑主语+形容词) The teacher entered the classroom, a book in her hand. 老师走进教室,手里拿着一本书。(逻辑主语+介词短语) 记住:独立主格结构的目的就是要把句子写得紧凑些。办法就是去掉连词,再就是将动词改成分词,或去掉系动词,或助动词。因此也可以反过来把独立主格结构的句子变成用连词连接起来的两个句子。比方说上面三句中最后一句原来可能就是:The teacher entered the classroom and a book was in her hand. 独立主格结构可以是伴随状语,可以是原因状语,条件状语等。比如昨天的两个多选题的例子: Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.=If other things are equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. 在其它条件相同的情况下,表达能力强的人肯定比语言掌握较差的人成功要快。(条件状语) The day being very cold, we had to stay at home all day.=Because the day was very cold, we had to stay at home all day. 因为天气比较冷,我们只好呆在家里。 (原因状语) 可见两题答案都是A. 独立主格结构也可以有时态的变化,如: The speech having been delivered, a lively discussion started. =After the speech had been delivered, a lively discussion started. 报告做完后激烈的讨论就开始了。 (时间状语) 还有一种就是所谓由with或without引导的独立主格结构(上面所列大部分的独立主格结构的例子都可以加with): The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade. (新概念三册-Smasch and grab)。 这里with后面引导了一个名词+介词的独立主格结构以及一个名词+分词的独立主格结构。 |
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