可是aeo版主提到过 with短语做状语三个功能)(伴随原因、动作、状态是独立主格的基本功能,只是因为三种独立主格形式的不同具体应用起来也不同罢了): 1. 表示原因,此时不需要考虑逻辑主语,只是修饰前面整句 2. 表示伴随动作(非伴随结果),此时需要注意逻辑主语,且前面不能是完成时态(这样就不能伴随动作了).(with短语要表示伴随结果则需要用with the result of,如prep2-193). 3. 表示状态(此时前面需要是主系表),同样需要逻辑主语。
-- by 会员 kmylv (2011/9/27 10:56:27)
笔记里描述得不当,其实不应该是“句子主语”,不过上面这三点是符合with在GMAT中的用法的。 其中第二点说的是:需要注意“逻辑主语”,而不是“主句主语”。逻辑主语的含义是动作发出者,状语和逻辑主语的关系如下:状语先修饰动词(可能是非谓语动词),而被修饰动词的动作发出者便是该状语的“逻辑主语”。 Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline. 就像这个句子,with arms and legs hanging like...这个伴随性的动作,修饰的是sleep这个动词,而sleep这个动词的动作发出者是monkeys,所以with arms and legs的逻辑主语就是monkeys.
umm...with可以表原因的,比如这个正确的句子: The ivory-billed woodpecker , once the largest woodpecker in North America at a striking 20 inches tall, has moved in and out of the extinct category, with scientists consistently unable to find solid proof that the bird still exists.
1.我请问一下怎么判断with是独立主格还是一个介词短语呢? 2.还有with独立主格的逻辑主语到底看哪个呢?看到prep上说与主句主语有紧密的逻辑关系 如:The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years. A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen D和E项,以前帖子里aeoluseros版主解释过 : D和E中increase需要有指代对象,而根据下面三条with做独立主格时用法,如果with表示原因,则其无修饰对象,increase也无所指。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表),那么with的逻辑主语成了results,错误。因此with独立主格在这里怎么看都是错的。
-- by 会员 kmylv (2011/9/25 11:04:36)
那时候写这个题目时考虑得过于复杂了。其实D和E项可以很简单地判断出来并不是独立主格,而只是介词短语;因为独立主格需要内部有一个主语和一个描述该主语状态/动作的词(形容词或非谓语动词)。在此显然并没有描述increase的状态和动作,所以witha five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling 并不构成独立主格。
umm...with可以表原因的,比如这个正确的句子: The ivory-billed woodpecker , once the largest woodpecker in North America at a striking 20 inches tall, has moved in and out of the extinct category, with scientists consistently unable to find solid proof that the bird still exists.
(1) GWD-6-Q13: Floating in the waters of the equatorial Pacific, an array of buoyscollects and transmits data on long-term interactions between the ocean and theatmosphere, interactions that affect global climate.
atmosphere, interactions that affect
atmosphere, with interactions affecting
atmosphere that affects
atmosphere that is affecting
atmosphere as affects 像这道题,外国人的理解是认为B 中的with很容易产生修饰主语的歧义(其实这就是状语的用法),而不是因为什么with的独立主格显得wordy的原因。
i know i'm a little bit crazy about 'with', because i believe the word is used under a really simple principle that everyone actually could understand.... need further discussion.
ps: 其实with表示因果挺常见的,momo with表示因果在LDOCE里面的解释: because of a situation that exists With John away there's more room in the house.
牛津高阶里的解释: because of (sth); on account of (sth) 因为或由於(某事物): blush with embarrassment 因难为情而脸红 * tremble with fear 吓得发抖 * shaking with laughter 笑得浑身直颤 * Her fingers were numb with cold. 她手指冻木了.
Floating in the waters of the equatorial Pacific, an array of buoyscollects and transmits data on long-term interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere, interactions that affect global climate. A. atmosphere, interactions that affect B. atmosphere, with interactions affecting C. atmosphere that affects D. atmosphere that is affecting E. atmosphere as affects 像这道题,外国人的理解是认为B 中的with很容易产生修饰主语的歧义(其实这就是状语的用法),而不是因为什么with的独立主格显得wordy的原因。 为什么会产生独立主格的想法,认为with在句子里对任何成分都不修饰,其实是一种理解方式吧。。外国人可能认为能with的东西比我们认为能的要宽泛的多,以至于一件事也可以和另外一件事with,只不过关系一定是“和,同,跟”,而不能是别的句子关系吧。
ps: 其实with表示因果挺常见的,momo with表示因果在LDOCE里面的解释: because of a situation that exists With John away there's more room in the house.
牛津高阶里的解释: because of (sth); on account of (sth) 因为或由於(某事物): blush with embarrassment 因难为情而脸红 * tremble with fear 吓得发抖 * shaking with laughter 笑得浑身直颤 * Her fingers were numb with cold. 她手指冻木了.
Floating in the waters of the equatorial Pacific, an array of buoyscollects and transmits data on long-term interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere, interactions that affect global climate. A. atmosphere, interactions that affect B. atmosphere, with interactions affecting C. atmosphere that affects D. atmosphere that is affecting E. atmosphere as affects 像这道题,外国人的理解是认为B 中的with很容易产生修饰主语的歧义(其实这就是状语的用法),而不是因为什么with的独立主格显得wordy的原因。 为什么会产生独立主格的想法,认为with在句子里对任何成分都不修饰,其实是一种理解方式吧。。外国人可能认为能with的东西比我们认为能的要宽泛的多,以至于一件事也可以和另外一件事with,只不过关系一定是“和,同,跟”,而不能是别的句子关系吧。
1.我请问一下怎么判断with是独立主格还是一个介词短语呢? 2.还有with独立主格的逻辑主语到底看哪个呢?看到prep上说与主句主语有紧密的逻辑关系 如:The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years. A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen D和E项,以前帖子里aeoluseros版主解释过 : D和E中increase需要有指代对象,而根据下面三条with做独立主格时用法,如果with表示原因,则其无修饰对象,increase也无所指。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表),那么with的逻辑主语成了results,错误。因此with独立主格在这里怎么看都是错的。
-- by 会员 kmylv (2011/9/25 11:04:36)
那时候写这个题目时考虑得过于复杂了。其实D和E项可以很简单地判断出来并不是独立主格,而只是介词短语;因为独立主格需要内部有一个主语和一个描述该主语状态/动作的词(形容词或非谓语动词)。在此显然并没有描述increase的状态和动作,所以witha five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling 并不构成独立主格。