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17. Pests had destroyed grape, celery, chili pepper crops, sugar beet and walnut in the region, but in the 1880s, more effective pest-control methods saved the citrus industry.
A. Pests had destroyed grape, celery, chili pepper crops, sugar beet and walnut in the region, but in the 1880s, more effective pest-control methods saved the citrus industry.
B. Pests had destroyed grape, celery, chili pepper, sugar beet and walnut crops in the region, but in the 1880s, more effective pest-control methods saved the citrus industry.
C. Pests had destroyed grape, celery, chili pepper, sugar beet and walnut crops in the region, but more effective pest-control methods that were introduced in the 1880s saved the citrus industry.
D. In the 1880s, pests destroyed grape, celery, chili pepper, sugar beet and walnut crops in the region and more effective pest-control methods saved the citrus industry.
E. In the 1880s, more effective pest-control methods saved the citrus industry from what was destroying grape, celery, chili pepper, sugar beet and walnut crops in the region.
选项解析：
This sentence has poor parallelism, due to the placement of the word “crops.” It seems to indicate that there were three types of crops (grape, celery and chili pepper) that had been destroyed, but that sugar beet and walnut had been destroyed entirely, rather than just the crops of those plants.
(A) This choice is incorrect as it repeats the original sentence.
(B) CORRECT. The word “crop” is placed correctly after the list of crop types.
The modifier “in the 1880s” correctly modifies the last phrase in the sentence, indicating only that the citrus industry was saved in the 1880s. By using the past perfect “had destroyed,” this sentence indicates that the other crops had been destroyed at some time prior to the 1880s. The later past event uses the simple past tense, whereas the earlier past event uses the past perfect tense. This time line of events matches the meaning in the original sentence.
(C) The modifying phrase “that were introduced in the 1880s” refers to the “methods” immediately preceding the phrase. This alters the meaning of the sentence, since “in the 1880s” no longer modifies “saved the citrus industry. The simple past tense indicates “saved” happened sometime in the past, but not necessarily in that particular decade. The modifier uses the relative pronoun “that,” but “that” should only introduce essential modifiers. “Which” is a better choice here, since the modifying phrase is non-essential.
(D) The placement of the modifier “In the 1880s” and the use of two simple past verbs “destroyed” and “saved,” indicate that both occurred in that decade. The original sentence indicates only that the citrus industry was saved in the 1880s, and by using the past perfect “had destroyed” indicates that the other crops had been destroyed at some time prior to the 1880s. The original sentence used the word “but” to indicate a contrast, yet this sentence alters the meaning by using “and” instead.
(E) The use of the phrase “what was destroying” is an awkward way to refer to “pests.” Also, the placement of the modifier “In the 1880s” and the use of the past progressive “was destroying” indicates that the destruction was ongoing in that decade. The original sentence indicates only that the citrus industry was saved in the 1880s, and by using the past perfect “had destroyed” indicates that the other crops had been destroyed at some time prior to the 1880s.
题目点评：
本题涉及语法点：逻辑含义、时态、修饰（状语位置、限定性与非限定性定语从句）
对于crop的含义是本题的重点所在：
crop: a plant such as wheat, rice, or fruit that is grown by farmers and used as food
从解释可以看到，crop是指整棵植株，不仅仅粮食、蔬菜，还包括水果等。回到本题，可以发现Pests破坏的不是果实，而是植株，所以crops需要放在walnuts不是pepper后面，来表示前面所有提到的果实的植株。A选项中grape, celery, chili pepper crops, sugar beet and walnut的写法，意思为“葡萄、芹菜、辣椒的植株和甜菜、胡桃(果实)”，正确写法如B选项grape, celery, chili pepper, sugar beet and walnut crops，意思为“葡萄、芹菜、辣椒、甜菜和胡桃的植株”。
关于原句含义不可随意更改：这个原则是建立在A选项逻辑正确的基础上的，比如本题，A选项称：1880年代，更有效的方法拯救了柑橘属水果（这些方法可能是很早就引进了，例如70年代就引进了，可是一直都没有发挥用处），而C选项篡改为了：1880年代引进的方法拯救了柑橘属水果（而且more effective pest-control methods已经是特指，不需要用that限定性修饰，用which引导的非限定性修饰即可）。同样地，D选项中in the 1880s的错误位置也改变了逻辑含义。
关于时态、修饰已在前面题目点评中介绍，在此不再赘述。
思维点评：
1. “因为but ...和后面的分句之间用逗号隔开了。
因此有没有可能这里but会理解成”除。。。之外“的意思，变成修饰前面的分句了
可以翻译作：害虫曾经一度把粮食A，粮食B， and 粮食C都毁了，除19世纪80年代以外，更有效的害虫控制方法拯救了柑橘产业。 ”——helio5
状语从句如果放在主句前面，绝对部分时候都是要用逗号隔开的，所以but in...和后面的分句之间用逗号隔开也实属正常。
B选项根据逻辑和时态，前后应该是转折关系，而且时态上必须有一个过去时作为前面分句had been的参照，所以but必然是代表转折的连词（这样说吧，当一个句子有A和B两个意思，而B意思是明显错误时，那么我们就不应该把句子的意思理解成B；反过来讲，当一个句子只能够找到一个合理的理解时，那么该句子就是应该按照那样理解）。另外，but做介词时可以看作一种平行结构，前面需要有与之对应的词，同时一般要有否定意义的词：No one has read it but me.
同时，C选项随意篡改了合理的原句含义。
2. “E改变句子属性，从并列改成主从” ——2011finish
“B表达的最清晰，逻辑意思最明确：之前balabala（过去完成时），1880s，。。。给解决了~顺承的非常clear，而且chronological的东东就按发生subsequent的顺序走” ——miss绿光
2011finish和绿光的思维都很赞。确实，用主从来表达虽然显得紧凑，但不一定就是好的，从句和并列句功能不同，而且对于时间顺序，有subsequent的句子，用并列更加清晰。
做题小tips:
GMAT最喜欢在过去完成时上做功夫，每次题目出现过去完成时都会弄几个一般过去时来让人鉴别谁真谁假。时态的判断要从逻辑入手，不同的时态反映不同的先后顺序，而时态中过去完成时、一般过去时、现在完成时三者的考察又占了80%，是最需要牢牢掌握的。
当两个选项非常相似时，正确往往会出现在这两个相似选项中间（实战中也可以借这个规律来验证自己已选的答案）。GMAT很喜欢留个很棘手的点。当这些难点是因为判断失误、思维漏洞，可以比较容易地弥补——只要建立思维，但是当这些难点是因为逻辑含义造成时，只能依靠积累、记忆来让自己的“英语能力”不断提高，而在实战时，若真的遇到，不要太过纠结，我们追求的是获胜的概率，一两个题目并不会影响很大的分差。
本次精华楼层：
3楼——2011finish
5楼——若雪
10楼——bbfcsak (fruit ninjia。。)
11楼——ropingmoon |
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发表于 2011-9-19 09:29:43
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