OG227和234代词指代问题

flywood

227. Judicial rules in many states require that the identi­ties of all prosecution witnesses are made known to defendants so they can attempt to rebut the testi­mony (证词(尤指在法庭所作的), 宣言, 陈述), but the Constitution explicitly requires only that the defendant have the opportunity to confront an accuser in court.

(A) that the identities of all prosecution witnesses are made known to defendants so they can attempt to rebut

(B) that the identities of all prosecution witnesses be made known to defendants so that they can attempt to rebut

(C)  that the defendants should know the identities of all prosecution witnesses so they can attempt a rebuttal of

(D) the identities of all prosecution witnesses should be made known to defendants so they can attempt rebutting

making known to defendants the identities of all prosecution witnesses so that they can attempt to rebut

有点问题:为什么B中的指代没有问题,我觉得好象指代the defendants和defendants两种可能吗?最近指代吗?我在什么理解上有偏差?

234. The physical structure of the human eye enables it to sense light of wavelengths up to 0.0005 millimeters; infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength--0.1 millimeters--is too long to be registered by the eye.

(A) infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength--0.1 millimeters--is too long to be registered by the eye

(B) however, the wavelength of infrared radia­tion--0.1 millimeters--is top long to be registered by the eye making it invisible

(C) infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength--0.1 millimeters--is too long for the eye to register it

(D) however, because the wavelength of infrared radiation is 0.1 millimeters, it is too long for the eye to register and thus invisible

however, infrared radiation has a wavelength of 0.1 millimeters that is too long for the eye to register, thus making it invisible

. In C, D, and E the use of the second it is so imprecise as to be confusing(所有CDE中的it都称的上是前后眼的，或者墙头草式的指带，因为前边有两个可供指带的选择，就搞不清除它到底指的是那个。不要考虑某某方讲的那些指带原则，gmat正确选项一般都会有效的消除这些麻烦，以让句子表达的最清晰—傻瓜型句子)

这是笨蛋语法上的解释,我觉得227也有两种可能指代的选择,请高手帮我看看这两题.

paopao

刚好读到OG227

代词指代有2点基本可以确立的

1首先逻辑指代 并无就近指代一说

2从句的主语优先指代主句的主语

除此之外 并没有其它什么原则 得根据句意和逻辑意思判断

OG227 的Bthey 优先指代identities of all prosecution 但从逻辑意思判断指代 the defendants所以逻辑意思大于优先指代 the defendants

Ethey优先指代 Judicial rules 所以不合逻辑

C并无代词指代问题

但OG解释中Choices C and E awkwardly place the plural noun witnesses between the plural pronoun they and its referent, defendants.

不知如何理解

OG334 In C, D, and E the use of the second it is so imprecise as to be confusing

出现指代不清的问题 因为前面有两个单数名词

但在OG222中

By a vote of 9 to 0, the Supreme Court awarded the Central Intelligence Agency broad discretionary powers enabling it to withhold from the public the identities of its sources of intelligence information.

Choice A is best: enabling... clearly modifies powers, （分词在名词后，修饰名词）it refers logically and grammatically to the Central Intelligence Agency, （代词指代明确，不可省，从这题来看，前面两个单数名词，用it，逻辑指代仍然清晰，不要太神经）

这题中并没有讲到代词指代不清的问题

小结 除以上提到的两条原则外 要降低代词指代的优先级  从别处入手判断

请多指教

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-7-10 7:04:22编辑过]

flywood

请问PAOPAO,你在什么地方?你帮我解决了挺多问题,谢谢你!

flywood

C并无代词指代问题

但OG解释中Choices C and E awkwardly place the plural noun witnesses between the plural pronoun they and its referent, defendants.

不知如何理解

这里我觉得有指代的问题,THEY很明显可以指witnesses,只是还不不明白B怎么就消除了这种歧义,再想想

horsefish

这里有精彩讨论

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&star=1&replyid=550358&id=15311&skin=0&page=1

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-8-12 3:11:48编辑过]

irenelj78

正好看到227，仔细分析一下我觉得b没有指代错误

这里要分清WHICH THAT 之类的指代，还有代词THEY THEIR THEM等指代的区别。我觉得是不一样的。

可以这么看：Judicial rules in many states require that the identities of all prosecution witnesses be made known to defendants so that they can attempt to rebut。。

其实红色文字部分可以看作一个主从句，the identities of。。。。是主句部分so that they...是从句部分，而they 正好指代主句的主语identities.即从句的主语优先指代主句的主语.

而就近指代原则是指的这种情况：

看这句话里面：

OG229. The colorization of black-and-white films by computers is defended by those who own the film rights, for the process can mean increased revenues for them; many others in the film industry, however, contend that the technique degrades major works of art, which they liken to putting lipstick on a Greek statue

红字部分是229中错误的一个选项。which 的指代遵从就近原则，即就近指代major works of art但是按照逻辑意思指代的是 the technique因此这个选项是错的。

所以WHICH THAT 之类的指代，还有代词THEY THEIR THEM等指代是有区别的，原则是不一样的。

这是我的看法，请指正！

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-8-13 8:42:59编辑过]

bloodcherry

以下是引用irenelj78在2004-8-13 7:59:00的发言：

好看到227，仔细分析一下我觉得b没有指代错误

这里要分清WHICH THAT 之类的指代，还有代词THEY THEIR THEM等指代的区别。我觉得是不一样的。

可以这么看：Judicial rules in many states require that the identities of all prosecution witnesses be made known to defendants so that they can attempt to rebut。。

其实红色文字部分可以看作一个主从句，the identities of。。。。是主句部分so that they...是从句部分，而they 正好指代主句的主语identities.即从句的主语优先指代主句的主语

晕,they怎么会指代identities啊，是指代defendants吧

cg

是指defendants

把帖子的位置贴的准确些 http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&replyid=550358&id=15311&page=1&skin=0&Star=3 第22及23楼

cg

再问

正确选项(B)
Judicial rules in many states require that the identities of all prosecution witnesses be made known to defendants so that they can attempt to rebut the testimony, but the Constitution explicitly requires only that thedefendant have the opportunity to confront an accuser in court.

需要用逻辑去判断 they-->指defendants 不是identities
因为只有人可以去attempt to rebut
不过很好奇 会不会有修饰witnesses的歧异呢?

但是在错误选项上
(C)that the defendants should know the identities of all prosecution witnesses so they can attempt a
rebuttal of
(E)making known to defendants the identities of all prosecution witnesses so that they can attempt to rebut

Choices C and E
awkwardly place the plural noun witnesses between the plural pronoun they and its referent, defendants.

这个时候会有歧异 是因为so that 紧接witnesses所以会有指代不清的情形吗？

感觉要在脑子里打好几个转才行

Kevin4U

以下是引用cg在2005-8-2 14:31:00的发言：

再问

正确选项(B)
Judicial rules in many states require that the identities of all prosecution witnesses be made known to defendants so that they can attempt to rebut the testimony, but the Constitution explicitly requires only that thedefendant have the opportunity to confront an accuser in court.

需要用逻辑去判断 they-->指defendants 不是identities
因为只有人可以去attempt to rebut
不过很好奇 会不会有修饰witnesses的歧异呢?

但是在错误选项上
(C)that the defendants should know the identities of all prosecution witnesses so they can attempt a
rebuttal of
(E)making known to defendants the identities of all prosecution witnesses so that they can attempt to rebut

Choices C and E
awkwardly place the plural noun witnesses between the plural pronoun they and its referent, defendants.

这个时候会有歧异 是因为so that 紧接witnesses所以会有指代不清的情形吗？

感觉要在脑子里打好几个转才行

同问！