阅读第25篇：流派诗人

XYXB

休息时瞄了一眼阅读JJ，没有想到又看到了流派诗人，这篇阅读在之前被众CDer挖的体无完肤了，版版我记忆犹新啊，我在这里贴上来，大家备考加油，灭了Gmat！

原文：
The firstinstallment of Testimony was published in 1934 by the Objectivist Press, whichhad been started several years earlier to promote the views of poets includingWilliam Carlos Williams, Louis Zukofsky, George Oppen, and Reznikoff himself.They were believers in Objectivism, a short-lived but still influentialoffshoot of poetic Modernism, the early 20th-century assault by T. S. Eliot,Ezra Pound, and others on the Enlightenment-influenced poetics of theirpredecessors. For the Objectivists, the poem was an object, not a report by thepoet of what he or she thought or felt. They rejected the emphasis by19th-century Romantic poets like Wordsworth and Shelley on the poet'ssubjective experience of transcendent meaning as depicted through metaphor andsymbol. (The title and opening line of Wordsworth's well-known poem aboutdaffodils, "I wandered lonely as a cloud," is a good example of thetendencies that the Objectivists judged artificial and misleading.) TheObjectivists believed that feeling and emotion should come through the choiceof details and the sound and appearance of words on the page.
Reznikoffcontinued to work on Testimony throughout his life. In the 1960s, he publishedtwo new volumes (the first drawn from judicial opinions of 1885-1890, thesecond from opinions of 1891-1900); two additional volumes (1901-1910 and1911-1915) were published after his death. In each of the later volumes,Reznikoff revised his art, reshaping the documentary material into syncopatedlines of poetry.
The Negro wasdead/when the doctors examined him," a characteristic poem begins: Theyfound upon his belly bruises: he died, the doctors said, of peritonitis.
While theshift in form draws even more attention to the language (as in the isolation of"bruises" in the lines just quoted), the later editions employ thesame third-person perspective, looking to the objective language of a judicialopinion, the words as words, rather than subjective experience or metaphor, forthe emotional intensity of the poem. With its use of judicial opinions as theraw material of poetry, Testimony radically undercuts the traditionalassumption that the poet works in a private sphere that is somehow separatefrom the pressures and pulls of the public domain. Not only is the poem anobject, but it is an object taken from the workaday world that poetstraditionally have viewed as unsuitable for poetry. Testimony never lets usforget that it is judicial opinions the poet is expounding.
Reznikoff's mostimportant innovation and chief legacy to subsequent poets was this use ofsocial speech, the public language of lawyers, to further the Modernist projectof drawing attention to the linguistic qualities of a poem. By juxtaposing thedescriptions of fact—the underlying story—of one case after another, he createdan emotionally powerful collage from the apparently impersonal language ofjudicial opinions, a collage that chronicles America's struggle with slaveryand its emergence as a commercial and industrial power.

P1：说Charles Reznikoff这个人写了名叫作Testmony的诗歌作品，是他从当时的法庭案件中引用了很多到他的诗集中去，从而开创了一种诗歌形式叫"objectivism"。然后就出现了一大串的人名，他们是和Charles Reznikoff站在一边的，都是objectivists。之后对objectivists做了同位语解释，还说了是一种短暂但是influential的诗歌流派。然后就出现了强对比：说了与传统诗人的不同，objectivism形势和以前浪漫主义诗歌Romanisme不同的地方在于浪漫主义会用很多修辞和比喻来抒发感情，而这种"objectivism"的诗歌推崇诗本身是object。传统诗人又举了好像是两个人名（Wordsworth and Shelley）。这一段不要被这些人名吓到，只要记住他们是两拨对立的人就可以了。
P2：说Charles Reznikoff这个人把他的一生都献给了这部Testmony。1930年发表了前两卷；xxx年发表了后两卷，这里有一个小细节说，他在后两卷里面revised his art。
P3：又绕回去说Charles Reznikoff一派和传统诗歌的不同。就是传统诗歌比较注重express emotions and personalexperience.而Charles Reznikoff认为应该客观地反映世界。
P4：（作者态度段）说了Charles Reznikoff的testmony对于后来者的贡献在于他首次采用了judicial speech作为了诗歌的resources。又说，CharlesReznikoff用impersonal languages也表达出了powerfulemotions.
1 关于testmony，作者的agree?
选客观的语言也可以在某种程度上表达出情感。（是文中最后一句话的inference）760/选了通过客观的语言，无需描述emotionalreaction也可以从诗歌中体现感情，另外一个选项E中有一个词prose，是散文的意思，当初做题的时候不知道，但是猜测应该是一种无关的文体，所以就没选它。790
2 关于testimony的论述，infer下面哪个是正确的？选它是一个long-term project. 760 /发现testimony第一卷出版与1930年代，最后2卷在他死后才出版，long term project。790
3 类比题。说Charles Reznikoff和Shelley的关系和以下的那两人的关系最像？
只要紧紧抓住Charles Reznikoff和Shelley是持有对立观点的就行了。
我的选项中带有Taylor这个人名，说他的观点是另一个人所反对的。 760
干扰选项：A是说一个人采用旧时的观点，被另一个人质疑。没选这个，因为记得文章里没说Shelley和Reznikoff不是同一个时代的人
其他的都不是。有这样的一些关系：有继承的、有revived的、有强烈支持一个被某个人支持过又abandoned的……
4 说Charles Reznikoff的testmony创新之处在什么地方？
选：采用了新的一种形式的诗歌来源和描述了新的事物。（大概是这个意思，定位在最后一段作者对于Testmony的评价）  760
5 主旨  选项有：通过写testimony来分析个什么问题；还有说是写testimony的重要性的。

Serena0710

斑斑给力呀！！！！谢谢啦

honestsnow

感谢bb

dbonly

奥特曼v5！！！！！！！！！！！！！

爱吃巧克力

太给力了谢谢斑斑。。。。我们20+娃的福音啊。。。

alisaxu

25号的，谢谢lz啦