有几个问题想请大牛指教

fancy3667

90.Although Napoleons army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
(A) they had in their previous campaigns
(B) their previous campaigns had had
(C) they had for any previous campaign
(D) in their previous campaigns
(E) for any previous campaign我不太明白了，这里的for any previous campaign是和前面的什么比较呢？
网上有一个解释说的是这省略了很多成分，实际上应该是than it had had for any previous campaign，这样按照比较的原则，貌似是把主谓宾都比较了？我看比较有四大类（比较主语，比较宾语，比较介宾，比较状语）那么这个比较算是哪种呢?在下虚心求教!


359.In 1990’s, there are more babies born by women over thirty years old than under it.
(A) than under it 这里是把women省略了，可是在我看来，women over thirty和women under thirty不是一种women，所以是不是用those来代替会更好呢？
(B) than were they under it
(C) than had been under it
(D) than were the babies
(E) than those were under it


20.    In December of 1987 an automobile manufacturer pleaded no contest to criminal charges of odometer tampering and agreed to pay more than $16 million in civil damages for cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected.
(A) cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected 我选的是这个选项，为什么不正确呢？
(B) cars that it had test-driven with their disconnected odometers
(C) its cars having been test-driven with disconnected odometers
(D) having test-driven cars with their odometers disconnected
(E) having cars that were test-driven with disconnected odometers

Despite the growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced that, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to automatic teller machines, many travelers will still use travel agents.
A. growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced that, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to automatic teller machines, many travelers will 这里我不太理解的一点是：一般sb is convinced that+clause 这个从句里的时态不会受到从句外面动词的影响吗？我以前一直以为的是外面是convinced，里面就一定要是would，难道没有这样的关系？那么从句里面的时态由什么判断呢？
B. growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to automatic teller machines, that many travelers would
C. growing number of people purchasing plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers as compared to automatic teller machines, many travelers will
D. fact that the number of people purchasing plane tickets online is growing, airline executives are convinced, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers as compared to automatic teller machines, that many travelers would
E. fact that the number of people who purchase plane tickets online are growing, airline executives are convinced that, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers compared with automatic teller machines, many travelers would

fancy3667

自己顶一下

fancy3667

再顶一下

guoshuyu

比较的是supplies

shangchangle

老帖子了，不知道LZ还需不需要，不过都是蛋疼的题，说说自己个人看法。大家拍砖拍砖~~

第一题：
看后半句，主语是it说明army这里是当做整体来讲的集合名词，在这种情况下应该用单数，ABCD出现了their，they就都不对了

第二题：
都是women当然不是两类，只是两种而已，一个是women over thirty years old，一个是women under thirty years old，省略相同结构，剩下under it

第三题：
题中意思是为没有安迈表赔偿，那么应该是为具体的行为赔偿，而不是为单纯的车本身，所以having

第四题：
这里是be convinced that，用的是一般现在时，LZ眼拙了

babybearmm

关于前两个比较题，其实就是找comparative adj/adv，然后找比较对象X and Y
第一题：comparative adj. = more
X was more than Y.
X= the supplies (with which Napoleons army entered Russia)
Y= ?
以上填空题，推理过程：Y的中心词一定一种supplies，或者与supplies可比的东东。
那么最简单的表达就是"the supplies for any previous campaign"
于是我们得到
X=the supplies (with which Napoleons army entered Russia)
Y=the supplies for any previous campaign
这下我们发现，X/Y共同的成份"the supplies"可以省略而不会造成歧义（省略与否，要带回原句检验，看是否有歧义！），其实我们就是比较两个prep phrase：
X'=with which Napoleons army entered Russia
Y'=for any previous campaign
于是我们就得到正确选项E.

诚然，这个填空题，Y还可以有别的表达，例如
Y2=the supplies that Napoleons army had had in its previous campains
Y3=the supplies (that had been) in any previous campain
Y4=....
重复上述推理过程（注意指代、省略），我们最后得到的句子应该分别是：
... enter Russia with far more supplies than it had had in its previous campains
或者
... enter Russia with far more supplies than those (that had been) in any previous campain
当我们倒推法检验其他错误选项的时候，能发现都不对，就可以排除了。

--------------------------------------
第二题 comparative adj. = more
X are more than Y.
X=babies born by women over 30 years old
Y=?
填空:
Y=babies born by women under 30 years old
省略相同成份（保证没有歧义）：
X'=over 30 years old
Y'=under 30 years old
用it来替换30 years old没有问题，于是：
Y'=under it
BINGO！

另外4个错误选项都包含动词："were" or "had been"，但如果写成这样，句型表达应该是：
X were more than Y were.
或者倒装
X were more than were Y.
注意这个句型跟X were more than Y的区别在于：这个句型是句子和句子比较(X were和Y were比较，而不是X和Y比较）！
X=babies born by women over 30 years old
Y=?
既然是句子和句子比较，X和Y分别作句子主语，那么这里Y必须有中心词babies，或者用those指代babies（假设这个指代没有歧异的话，但我觉得这个假设在这题不成立），总之这个中心词不能省略！
如此就排除了B-E

剩下几道题，我觉得楼上讲得很清楚了

90.Although Napoleons army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
(A) they had in their previous campaigns
(B) their previous campaigns had had
(C) they had for any previous campaign
(D) in their previous campaigns
(E) for any previous campaign我不太明白了，这里的for any previous campaign是和前面的什么比较呢？
网上有一个解释说的是这省略了很多成分，实际上应该是than it had had for any previous campaign，这样按照比较的原则，貌似是把主谓宾都比较了？我看比较有四大类（比较主语，比较宾语，比较介宾，比较状语）那么这个比较算是哪种呢?在下虚心求教!


359.In 1990’s, there are more babies born by women over thirty years old than under it.
(A) than under it 这里是把women省略了，可是在我看来，women over thirty和women under thirty不是一种women，所以是不是用those来代替会更好呢？
(B) than were they under it
(C) than had been under it
(D) than were the babies
(E) than those were under it


20.    In December of 1987 an automobile manufacturer pleaded no contest to criminal charges of odometer tampering and agreed to pay more than $16 million in civil damages for cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected.
(A) cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected 我选的是这个选项，为什么不正确呢？
(B) cars that it had test-driven with their disconnected odometers
(C) its cars having been test-driven with disconnected odometers
(D) having test-driven cars with their odometers disconnected
(E) having cars that were test-driven with disconnected odometers

Despite the growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced that, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to automatic teller machines, many travelers will still use travel agents.
A. growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced that, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to automatic teller machines, many travelers will 这里我不太理解的一点是：一般sb is convinced that+clause 这个从句里的时态不会受到从句外面动词的影响吗？我以前一直以为的是外面是convinced，里面就一定要是would，难道没有这样的关系？那么从句里面的时态由什么判断呢？
B. growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to automatic teller machines, that many travelers would
C. growing number of people purchasing plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers as compared to automatic teller machines, many travelers will
D. fact that the number of people purchasing plane tickets online is growing, airline executives are convinced, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers as compared to automatic teller machines, that many travelers would
E. fact that the number of people who purchase plane tickets online are growing, airline executives are convinced that, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers compared with automatic teller machines, many travelers would

-- by 会员 fancy3667 (2011/8/16 16:45:04)

shangchangle

关于前两个比较题，其实就是找comparative adj/adv，然后找比较对象X and Y
第一题：comparative adj. = more
X was more than Y.
X= the supplies (with which Napoleons army entered Russia)
Y= ?
以上填空题，推理过程：Y的中心词一定一种supplies，或者与supplies可比的东东。
那么最简单的表达就是"the supplies for any previous campaign"
于是我们得到
X=the supplies (with which Napoleons army entered Russia)
Y=the supplies for any previous campaign
这下我们发现，X/Y共同的成份"the supplies"可以省略而不会造成歧义（省略与否，要带回原句检验，看是否有歧义！），其实我们就是比较两个prep phrase：
X'=with which Napoleons army entered Russia
Y'=for any previous campaign
于是我们就得到正确选项E.

诚然，这个填空题，Y还可以有别的表达，例如
Y2=the supplies that Napoleons army had had in its previous campains
Y3=the supplies (that had been) in any previous campain
Y4=....
重复上述推理过程（注意指代、省略），我们最后得到的句子应该分别是：
... enter Russia with far more supplies than it had had in its previous campains
或者
... enter Russia with far more supplies than those (that had been) in any previous campain
当我们倒推法检验其他错误选项的时候，能发现都不对，就可以排除了。

--------------------------------------
第二题 comparative adj. = more
X are more than Y.
X=babies born by women over 30 years old
Y=?
填空:
Y=babies born by women under 30 years old
省略相同成份（保证没有歧义）：
X'=over 30 years old
Y'=under 30 years old
用it来替换30 years old没有问题，于是：
Y'=under it
BINGO！

另外4个错误选项都包含动词："were" or "had been"，但如果写成这样，句型表达应该是：
X were more than Y were.
或者倒装
X were more than were Y.
注意这个句型跟X were more than Y的区别在于：这个句型是句子和句子比较(X were和Y were比较，而不是X和Y比较）！
X=babies born by women over 30 years old
Y=?
既然是句子和句子比较，X和Y分别作句子主语，那么这里Y必须有中心词babies，或者用those指代babies（假设这个指代没有歧异的话，但我觉得这个假设在这题不成立），总之这个中心词不能省略！
如此就排除了B-E

剩下几道题，我觉得楼上讲得很清楚了

90.Although Napoleons army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
(A) they had in their previous campaigns
(B) their previous campaigns had had
(C) they had for any previous campaign
(D) in their previous campaigns
(E) for any previous campaign我不太明白了，这里的for any previous campaign是和前面的什么比较呢？
网上有一个解释说的是这省略了很多成分，实际上应该是than it had had for any previous campaign，这样按照比较的原则，貌似是把主谓宾都比较了？我看比较有四大类（比较主语，比较宾语，比较介宾，比较状语）那么这个比较算是哪种呢?在下虚心求教!


359.In 1990’s, there are more babies born by women over thirty years old than under it.
(A) than under it 这里是把women省略了，可是在我看来，women over thirty和women under thirty不是一种women，所以是不是用those来代替会更好呢？
(B) than were they under it
(C) than had been under it
(D) than were the babies
(E) than those were under it


20.    In December of 1987 an automobile manufacturer pleaded no contest to criminal charges of odometer tampering and agreed to pay more than $16 million in civil damages for cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected.
(A) cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected 我选的是这个选项，为什么不正确呢？
(B) cars that it had test-driven with their disconnected odometers
(C) its cars having been test-driven with disconnected odometers
(D) having test-driven cars with their odometers disconnected
(E) having cars that were test-driven with disconnected odometers

Despite the growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced that, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to automatic teller machines, many travelers will still use travel agents.
A. growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced that, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to automatic teller machines, many travelers will 这里我不太理解的一点是：一般sb is convinced that+clause 这个从句里的时态不会受到从句外面动词的影响吗？我以前一直以为的是外面是convinced，里面就一定要是would，难道没有这样的关系？那么从句里面的时态由什么判断呢？
B. growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to automatic teller machines, that many travelers would
C. growing number of people purchasing plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers as compared to automatic teller machines, many travelers will
D. fact that the number of people purchasing plane tickets online is growing, airline executives are convinced, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers as compared to automatic teller machines, that many travelers would
E. fact that the number of people who purchase plane tickets online are growing, airline executives are convinced that, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers compared with automatic teller machines, many travelers would

-- by 会员 fancy3667 (2011/8/16 16:45:04)

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/1/26 8:07:13)

谢谢babybearmm！！讲的很清楚！！佩服~

浅浅123

讲的很透彻  白勇语法上有一句The economy of Florida is more diversified than it was ten years ago.我觉得这里的比较对象为economy和一个句子it was ten years ago.感觉是错的应该改为The economy of Florida is more diversified than what it was ten years ago 不懂这个想法是不是正确的

babybearmm

原句子对的，你加了what就不对了。

还是那个思路，找元素：1, adj./adv.  2. things being compared

表达方式，可以是
X is more diversified than Y.
也可以是
X is more diversified than Y is.    （我这里写is举个例子吧，其实是需要根据时态换适当的动词）
X is more diversified than is Y.
咱先放下这个问题，一会儿来谈

X=the economy of Florida [now]      这里[now]是作者隐藏的意思，我把它补充出来
Y=the economy of Florida ten years ago
你可以用前面说的省略相同成份的方法来“化简"
X'=[now]
Y'=ten years ago
可是这问题就出来了，当你这么化简之后，X'在原文根本不存在！（我们读完句子，分析X和Y的时候，可以补全这个"now"，但是脱离了"the economy of"我们就没法补全这个"now"）

如果我们如法炮制我之前两个例子演示的方法——
     把句子写成X is more diversified than Y，然后用简化的Y'来替换Y，得到最后的句子
这个方法在这题行不通的，原因就是X'不存在。
The economy of Florida is more diversified than ten years ago
这会让读者丈二和尚摸不着头脑，因为"ten years ago"太突兀，前面根本不存在一个对应的词（类似now这种）

所以，如果我们坚持要用"X is more diversified than Y"，这种句型，我们就必须老老实实地写清楚X和Y（而不是Y'）：
The economy of Florida is more diversified than the economy of Florida ten years ago.
觉得这个句子很土是吧？但你如果坚持用"X is more diversified than Y"这种句型，这题就得这么老老实实写，什么都不能省。
你说你想用什么it/that来代替"the economy of Florida"？不行的！你没法明确你的指代对象，是前面的"economy"还是"Florida"还是"the economy of Florida"？

那，我们还是别坚持用那个挺土的句型吧，用这个：
X is more diversified than Y was.
X=the economy of Florida [now]      这里[now]是作者隐藏的意思，我把它补充出来
Y=the economy of Florida ten years ago
然后这里，我们就可以用"it"来替换”the economy of Florida"，原因就是，后面这个was，使得it没有歧义（因为平行结构存在）。
这里X is和Y was是平行结构，所以Y里面那个it就是X里面同样位置的那个copy，没有歧义。
现在我们得到：
Y=it ten years ago
然后带入句子，再根据习惯把状语ten years ago放到谓语动词was后面：
The economy of Florida is more diversified than it was ten years ago.
BINGO!


而你加what是不对的。举个例子：

The CPI this year is higher than it was last year.
这里CPI就是定义的CPI，换句话说是个特定的数量

你如果改成
The CPI this year is higher than what it was last year.
什么叫"what"?
CPI is xxx（某个数量）.
CPI is a reflection of economy.
CPI is an indicator for yyy.    
这个xxx, "a reflection of economy", "an indicator for yyy" 统统可以归结为"what"
而显然，我们要说higher，当且仅当CPI是一个数量的时候才有可比性。所以必须直接说CPI(it)，不能说"what it was"
且，如果你把CPI（一个数量） 和 what (可以是xxx, "a reflection of economy", "an indicator for yyy")  比较，这没有可比性。

讲的很透彻  白勇语法上有一句The economy of Florida is more diversified than it was ten years ago.我觉得这里的比较对象为economy和一个句子it was ten years ago.感觉是错的应该改为The economy of Florida is more diversified than what it was ten years ago 不懂这个想法是不是正确的

-- by 会员 浅浅123 (2012/1/26 17:43:52)

浅浅123

原句子对的，你加了what就不对了。

还是那个思路，找元素：1, adj./adv.  2. things being compared

表达方式，可以是
X is more diversified than Y.
也可以是
X is more diversified than Y is.    （我这里写is举个例子吧，其实是需要根据时态换适当的动词）
X is more diversified than is Y.
咱先放下这个问题，一会儿来谈

X=the economy of Florida [now]      这里[now]是作者隐藏的意思，我把它补充出来
Y=the economy of Florida ten years ago
你可以用前面说的省略相同成份的方法来“化简"
X'=[now]
Y'=ten years ago
可是这问题就出来了，当你这么化简之后，X'在原文根本不存在！（我们读完句子，分析X和Y的时候，可以补全这个"now"，但是脱离了"the economy of"我们就没法补全这个"now"）

如果我们如法炮制我之前两个例子演示的方法——
     把句子写成X is more diversified than Y，然后用简化的Y'来替换Y，得到最后的句子
这个方法在这题行不通的，原因就是X'不存在。
The economy of Florida is more diversified than ten years ago
这会让读者丈二和尚摸不着头脑，因为"ten years ago"太突兀，前面根本不存在一个对应的词（类似now这种）

所以，如果我们坚持要用"X is more diversified than Y"，这种句型，我们就必须老老实实地写清楚X和Y（而不是Y'）：
The economy of Florida is more diversified than the economy of Florida ten years ago.
觉得这个句子很土是吧？但你如果坚持用"X is more diversified than Y"这种句型，这题就得这么老老实实写，什么都不能省。
你说你想用什么it/that来代替"the economy of Florida"？不行的！你没法明确你的指代对象，是前面的"economy"还是"Florida"还是"the economy of Florida"？

那，我们还是别坚持用那个挺土的句型吧，用这个：
X is more diversified than Y was.
X=the economy of Florida [now]      这里[now]是作者隐藏的意思，我把它补充出来
Y=the economy of Florida ten years ago
然后这里，我们就可以用"it"来替换”the economy of Florida"，原因就是，后面这个was，使得it没有歧义（因为平行结构存在）。
这里X is和Y was是平行结构，所以Y里面那个it就是X里面同样位置的那个copy，没有歧义。
现在我们得到：
Y=it ten years ago
然后带入句子，再根据习惯把状语ten years ago放到谓语动词was后面：
The economy of Florida is more diversified than it was ten years ago.
BINGO!


而你加what是不对的。举个例子：

The CPI this year is higher than it was last year.
这里CPI就是定义的CPI，换句话说是个特定的数量

你如果改成
The CPI this year is higher than what it was last year.
什么叫"what"?
CPI is xxx（某个数量）.
CPI is a reflection of economy.
CPI is an indicator for yyy.    
这个xxx, "a reflection of economy", "an indicator for yyy" 统统可以归结为"what"
而显然，我们要说higher，当且仅当CPI是一个数量的时候才有可比性。所以必须直接说CPI(it)，不能说"what it was"
且，如果你把CPI（一个数量） 和 what (可以是xxx, "a reflection of economy", "an indicator for yyy")  比较，这没有可比性。

讲的很透彻  白勇语法上有一句The economy of Florida is more diversified than it was ten years ago.我觉得这里的比较对象为economy和一个句子it was ten years ago.感觉是错的应该改为The economy of Florida is more diversified than what it was ten years ago 不懂这个想法是不是正确的

-- by 会员 浅浅123 (2012/1/26 17:43:52)

讲得实在是太好了，真的很感谢，我已经差不多理解了了这句话了的，我其实是因为看到下面一道题目

In the 1980's the rate of increase of the minority population of the United states was nearly twice as fast as the 1970's.
A.twice as fast as
B.twice as fast as it was in
C.twice what it was in
D.two times faster than that of
E.two times greater than
按照刚才的分析B选项应该也是正确的吧，但是答案选的是C -- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/1/26 18:40:10)