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有几个问题想请大牛指教

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11#
发表于 2012-1-26 20:13:18 | 只看该作者
这题按我的思路的话,

先搞清楚作者在干吗——找比较对象和比较的标尺
X=the rate of increase of the minority population of the United States in the 1980's
Y=the rate of increase of the minority population of the United States in the 1970's
“标尺”就是twice  (之前的例子标尺是 comp. adj.+than)

一般有twice的,表达就是以下两种:
1)   X is twice Y.  
   或者X is twice what Y is.  也就是说如果y后面有动词,那么习惯性加上what/how/...这类   (区别一下"X is more than Y is" 这里不需要在Y前面加what)  
2)   X is twice as [many/much/high/long/fast/...] as Y
如果我们选用第2种格式,方括号里面必须用符合逻辑的形容词。
我们已经定义好了X和Y都是"the rate of ...",这里rate意思是比率,什么词可以用来形容这个rate of呢?这里可以用"high",而"fast"必然不可以,排除A/B/D。
多说句,fast可以形容increase,也可以形容作为速率讲的rate,但不能形容作为比率讲的rate。这就是为什么我会先从纷繁复杂的结构中提炼出X和Y到底是什么。当我发现X和Y都是比率的时候,自然排除fast。

那么排除A/B/D,再排除E (two times),自然就剩下C了。

检验一下:
X=the rate of increase of the minority population of the United States in the 1980's
Y=the rate of increase of the minority population of the United States in the 1970's
X'=in the 1980's
Y'=in the 1970's
咱的句子应该是:X is twice what Y' was.
但是这里"Y' was" 作为一个clause,必须有主谓,也就是说Y'不能过于简洁了,起码得保留能充当主语的词吧
那么我们保留"the rate of...",但是用it来指代
Y'=it in the 1970's
再写成句子的时候,状语自动拿到was后面去。
你看看,是不是就得到了C?


我从没有说过“what不对”这话,也更不可能看到what就排除。我只是想说,在你当时举的那个例子里,不该有what。
说白了,抓住句意,具体分析。

在你举的economy的例子里,economy很抽象,你比较diversified的程度,你把economy和what比较,我认为是有歧义的,因为这个what让人浮想联翩。Just ask yourself, what is economy? 如果你能给出一个类似字典上的那种定义,然后你再问,定义的这个"economy"是否可以用"diversified"来衡量?不可以吧。或者这么说,你比较的时economy的其中一种属性,而"what"——即economy这个抽象的东东,包含很多属性。
所以你可以说 The economy is more diversified than it was.
但不能说      The economy is more diversified than what it was.

就如同你可以说 Tom is taller than he was.
但不能说           Tom is taller than what/who/how he was.
你加什么what/who/how统统不对,因为一个人的属性很多,高矮、胖瘦、聪明与否、健康与否、职业、国籍、经历、兴趣爱好..... taller只是比较高矮。
"What he was",What的意思就是说你给Tom下个定义,例如"Tom is a person ......." 然后单从这个定义来看,你没法用tall来衡量吧?
你要是不嫌wordy,可以说  Tom is taller than how tall he was.
因为“how tall"跟"what"不同,"how tall"精确定义你要比较的是什么。这句子逻辑上没问题,只是不简洁而已。

而这里,你可以问what is the rate of ....? 人家回答: 10%
然后你就可以比较这个10% 是不是twice.....

嗯,我想说的意思是这个,可能我CPI那个例子举得不好,不过我想说economy/Tom这种具体名词 (区别于数量名词如rate, scale, GPI, population),用what会有歧义。

而就算是CPI/rate这类可以通过定义来明确比较的东东,很多时候也可以直接写成比较对象,也就是省略what。  X is more than Y is 这个结构不需要加what, GMAT喜欢简洁。

讲得实在是太好了,真的很感谢,我已经差不多理解了了这句话了的,我其实是因为看到下面一道题目

In the 1980's the rate of increase of the minority population of the United states was nearly twice as fast as the 1970's.
A.twice as fast as
B.twice as fast as it was in
C.twice what it was in
D.two times faster than that of
E.two times greater than
按照刚才的分析B选项应该也是正确的吧,但是答案选的是C -- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/1/26 18:40:10)





-- by 会员 浅浅123 (2012/1/26 19:21:32)




[/quote]
12#
发表于 2012-1-26 22:40:36 | 只看该作者
嘿嘿  谢谢能这么详细回答我的问题 你的这个方法很好 不知道能不能加下你的QQ呢
13#
发表于 2012-2-13 22:39:20 | 只看该作者
刚跟一位同学讨论,翻到了当初刚复习SC没多久时发的贴子,发现当时我没把问题说透....

Example #1
CORRECT: The economy of Floridais more diversified than it was ten years ago.

INCORRECT: The economy of Florida is morediversified than what it was ten years ago
Example #2
CORRECT: In the 1980's the rate of increase of the minority population ofthe United stateswas nearly twice what it was in the 1970's.

关键是”it”是什么咚咚
In Example #1      it =  The economy of Florida
这是同样一个东东,在不同的时空或状态下(过去vs现在),所以不需要加what,直接”than it was”
In Example #2      
it =  the rate of increase of theminority population of the United  States
= the rate of A (为了描述方便我简化一下)
这是比较therate of A在不同的时空或状态下(in the 1980’s VS. in the 1970’s
这里”the rate of A”跟上例不同,不是一个实体,而是(用来定量描述某个实体的)物理量(“describesa numerical quantity of something”),所以这里加了what”what it was”
from Ron:
consider the construction "the rate was X" (where X is amathematical rate quantity).
in this case, the "what" corresponds most closely to the"X", while the "it" corresponds most closely to "therate".
when you learn constructions like this, which are highly specific fromlanguage to language, your best bet is probably to just learn the constructionswholesale -- i.e., don't try to dissect them excessively, as long as you canunderstand how they work.

for instance, consider the following:
i see a man, but i don't know who he is.
do you understand this construction?
i don't really know how to break it down grammatically, but i do know that itfunctions in precisely the same way as ...what it is.
the "who" is playing the same role as the "what";"he" is playing the same role as "it". no redundancy.
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