求助 verbal review sc 20

引夕

Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.

(A) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is
(B) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, is
(C) the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season, is
(D) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are
(E) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are

答案是E 为什么这里不能用D？
还有这里的against是和什么搭配呢？
谢谢~

快活糖果

hemodata 发表于 2013-7-19 15:18
Ron:
one real problem with choice (d) is the modifier “to borrow against”, which ends with a prepo ...

强烈赞同！另外再补充一下我的看法
首先用简单的主谓一致先暴力排除ABC（为了只讨论DE=.=）可以看到D以which开头，E以collateral开头。
E的collateral指的是farm equipment and land，用N+N modifier清晰指代farm equipment and land [1]
D的which前为“.....farm equipment and land, which...",易造成which究竟是指代land 还是farm equipment and land的歧义;而且D中的”use (sth) as collateral"就是"borrow against" that thing的意思，所以意思重复[2];再者，如Ron所说，介词最好紧跟关系代词，所以排除D


borrow against sth就是以sth 作为抵押借钱...的意思
貌似不是idiom，主要是平时习惯用against来引出抵押物
参考：If you are a homeowner youcould have thousands of pounds locked up in the value of your home. But if youneed to borrow, is taking out a secured loan against your home sensible orsomething to avoid at all costs?[3]

从中文意思来看 against+n表示以n作为抵押来贷款（taking out a secured loan）

在参考：抵押贷款-loan againstcollateral; loan on collateral security; loan on mortgage; loan on security; secured loan

可以看出，loan against/on 后面都可以引出抵押物，所以这是个介词的用法而已

[1]http://gmatclub.com/forum/declining-values-for-farm-equipment-and-land-the-collateral-129205-20.html#p1468234

[2]https://www.manhattanprep.com/gmat/forums/og-verbal-review-sc-16-t690.html#p2116

[3]http://www.money.co.uk/loans/should-you-borrow-against-your-home.htm    在wiki搜索collateral也能看到against的用法

FYI

hemodata

Ron:
one real problem with choice (d) is the modifier “to borrow against”, which ends with a preposition. modifiers are not allowed to end with prepositions. this is a very common form in spoken language, but it's incorrect in the written language. examples:
wrong: "the restaurant (that) we ate at on friday was crowded."
right: "the restaurant at which we ate on friday was crowded."
wrong: "the person joe spoke to yesterday told him that ..."
right: "the person to whom joe spoke yesterday told him that ..."
wrong: "now that i've moved, i need to find a new grocery store to shop at."
right: "now that i've moved, i need to find a new grocery store at which to shop."
you get the point. notice that, in each of these instances, the first version is definitely what native speakers of english would say out loud -- but it's incorrect.

VeraSui

我觉得在这里which指代Declining values for farm equipment and land，将D中从句还原，成为farmers use (which) Declining values for farm equipment and land   as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season,而将E还原the collateral against （which)Declining values for farm equipment and land     farmers borrow to get through the harvest season,再调整一下顺序： farmers borrow  the collateral against Declining values for farm equipment and land  to get through the harvest season。
against 与Declining values for farm equipment and land搭配，意为防止···的发生
D中的borrow against Declining values for farm equipment and land 语意不通顺。望指正哈~

nemiah

borrow against..

flyfairy019

同问，不理解E划线选项的意思啊。农民到底是租什么？照原文意思，应该是租土地和设备，那这样的话collateral又是指什么？

alancui

collateral 就是抵押物啊，可以use as collateral for a loan。或者不说collateral，直接说 borrow against sth.  
D中use as collateral, 又是borrow against， 所以OG说awkward and wordy。而且很难判别which到底是use的宾语还是against的宾语。个人这样觉得啊，呵呵。

我做题的时候也是选的D，后来转了转国外的论坛，顿时有所感悟。

elsachialee

hemodata 发表于 2013-7-19 15:18
Ron:
one real problem with choice (d) is the modifier “to borrow against”, which ends with a prepo ...

你说得真好！！！

mj9366

elsachialee 发表于 2013-8-30 13:32
你说得真好！！！

+1，口语和书面语差别还是蛮大的。
以前高中老师都说两种都对的。

bright1798

是不是这样理解：
D中，which是指代farm equipment and land，应该不能修饰Declining values for farm equipment and land吧，因为要用东西抵押，而不是用价值抵押？所以D中的错误就是against的位置不对？
E就可以理解成同位语。

GMATYedda

bright1798 发表于 2014-6-4 18:37
是不是这样理解：
D中，which是指代farm equipment and land，应该不能修饰Declining values for farm equi ...

which 指代 declining values for farm equipment and land
farmers borrow the collateral (抵押品) against declining values for farm equipment and land to get through the harvest season. 所以the collateral against which ...是作为定语存在的 （个人见解）
楼上引用的Ron解释了为什么D不行： against to 这样的搭配本身就是错的，因为两个介词不能放在一起