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SDCAR2010【逻辑入门】(十三)Formal Logic (1)

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11#
发表于 2011-7-23 18:04:20 | 只看该作者
疑问同上。。
LZ这个系列里面没有第(十二)部分,还是我漏掉了呢?

请NN明示了..THKS.
12#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-7-23 20:07:48 | 只看该作者
疑问同上。。
LZ这个系列里面没有第(十二)部分,还是我漏掉了呢?

请NN明示了..THKS.
-- by 会员 AlohaDJ (2011/7/23 18:04:20)



http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-573332-1-1.html
13#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-7-23 20:08:13 | 只看该作者
SDCAR2010【逻辑入门】(十三)Formal Logic (1)?    
Maybe this is twelve
-- by 会员 VincentShu (2011/7/23 15:37:04)



http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-573332-1-1.html
14#
发表于 2011-9-18 09:54:27 | 只看该作者
LZ NN,我也觉得only if,貌似有点问题,请问有修改过了的么?感觉only if也是引导if部分的,有种only...when的feel...请NN指教呀!谢谢~~
15#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-9-18 11:04:14 | 只看该作者
LZ NN,我也觉得only if,貌似有点问题,请问有修改过了的么?感觉only if也是引导if部分的,有种only...when的feel...请NN指教呀!谢谢~~
-- by 会员 ffen (2011/9/18 9:54:27)



Only if = Then. Not IF.
16#
发表于 2011-9-18 18:06:41 | 只看该作者
44.   (33799-!-item-!-188;#058&007092)

In countries in which newlife-sustaining drugs cannot be patented, such drugs are sold at widelyaffordable prices; those same drugs, where patented, command premium pricesbecause the patents shield patent-holding manufacturers from competitors.  These facts show that future access to newlife-sustaining drugs can be improved if the practice of granting patents onnewly developed life-sustaining drugs were to be abolished everywhere.

Which of the following, if true,most seriously weakens the argument?

(A) In countries in whichlife-sustaining drugs cannot be patented, their manufacture is nevertheless aprofitable enterprise.

(B) Countries that do not currentlygrant patents on life-sustaining drugs are, for the most part, countries withlarge populations.

(C) In some countries specificprocesses for the manufacture of pharmaceutical drugs can be patented even incases in which the drugs themselves cannot be patented.

(D) Pharmaceutical companies canafford the research that goes into the development of new drugs only if patentsallow them to earn high profits.

(E) Countries that grant patents onlife-sustaining drugs almost always ban their importation from countries thatdo not grant such patents.

这题里面only if是then的话,是不是D就是: If pharmaceutical companies can afford the research that goes into the development of new drugs, then parents allow them to earn high profits. ?我怎么觉得意思反了呢...还是我没有正确理解你说的if...then的意思...><

还有3楼指出来的例子,我也和他有一样的看法诶...

唉,被CR搞的好头大啊...现在手上的题目我感觉大多数都能找出答案来,就怕上了考场不行啊,已经要3战了...

先谢过NN总是给我们解答啊~~不胜感激!
17#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-9-18 20:59:42 | 只看该作者
D就是: If pharmaceutical companies can afford the research that goes into the development of new drugs, then parents allow them to earn high profits.

"parents allow them to earn high profits" is required (necessary) for "pharmaceutical companies to afford the research that goes into the development of new drugs."

IF leads a sufficient condition, THEN leads a necessary condition.
18#
发表于 2011-9-18 21:58:22 | 只看该作者
不好意思呀...我还是在搞...接着问您...><看了6楼的“充分条件和必要条件”,瞬间好像明白了点。也就是说,我们看到的传统的if开头的句子,是表达“充分条件”意思的,only if呢就是表达“必要条件”的。你提到的if and only if就是“充分必要"的...
那你文中提到的if-clause和then-clause是指句子里的if引导的部分和then引导的部分嘛?那我如果没有看到only if如何分辨呢?就比如:If you run a red light in Beijing, then you will get a ticket for 300RMB. 这个我根据意思就是会读成充分条件(R=>T),但是这里面不是同时有if和then了么?如果把刚刚那题的D直接改成if...then...的形式,我读出来还会是充分条件(afford=>high profits)...


额...NN能明白我意思么...我觉得我今天是绕进去了...再有问题我一定明天问!让它自然沉淀下...囧
谢谢!
19#
发表于 2011-10-7 10:49:33 | 只看该作者
不好意思呀...我还是在搞...接着问您...><看了6楼的“充分条件和必要条件”,瞬间好像明白了点。也就是说,我们看到的传统的if开头的句子,是表达“充分条件”意思的,only if呢就是表达“必要条件”的。你提到的if and only if就是“充分必要"的...
那你文中提到的if-clause和then-clause是指句子里的if引导的部分和then引导的部分嘛?那我如果没有看到only if如何分辨呢?就比如:If you run a red light in Beijing, then you will get a ticket for 300RMB. 这个我根据意思就是会读成充分条件(R=>T),但是这里面不是同时有if和then了么?如果把刚刚那题的D直接改成if...then...的形式,我读出来还会是充分条件(afford=>high profits)...


额...NN能明白我意思么...我觉得我今天是绕进去了...再有问题我一定明天问!让它自然沉淀下...囧
谢谢!
-- by 会员 ffen (2011/9/18 21:58:22)



不是特别明白你的问题……但我觉得是if引导的从句是then从句的充分条件,反之,then引导的从句是if引导的从句的必要条件。例如If you run a red light in Beijing, then you will get a ticket for 300RMB.这个句子是同时有If和then, 但它说明的是你闯红灯就会导致罚款(充分),或者,如果你没有被罚款,就说明你没有闯红灯(罚款对闯红灯是必要的)。if...then...同时出现不矛盾。

这样的题靠逻辑意思理解也可以,靠公式,比如数学的原命题=逆否命题也可以。

不知道有没有回答的问题……呵呵,还是请SDCAR2010指教吧:)
20#
发表于 2011-10-31 12:21:44 | 只看该作者
充分条件标志:if/when/whenever/every/all/any/people who/in order to/by
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