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楼主你说的OG上的那篇阅读是哪篇啊? 完全没印象了 -- by 会员 wyy3595 (2011/6/19 15:28:40)
Two opposing scenarios, the “arboreal” hypothesis and the “cursorial” hypothesis, have Line traditionally been put forward con- (5) cerning the origins of bird flight. The “arboreal” hypothesis holds that bird ancestors began to fly by climbing frees and gliding down from branches with the (10) help of incipient feathers: the height of trees provides a good starting place for launching flight, especially through gliding. As feathers became larger over time, (15) flapping flight evolved and birds finally became fully air-borne. This hypothesis makes intuitive Sense, but certain aspects are Troubling. Archaeopteryx (the (20) earliest known bird) and its maniraptoran dinosaur cousins have no obviously arboreal adaptations, such as feet fully adapted for perching. Perhaps (25) some of them could climb trees, but no convincing analysis has demonstrated how Archaeopteryx would have both climbed and flown with its forelimbs, and there (30) were no plants taller than a few meters in the environments where Archaeopteryx fossils have been found. Even if the animals could climb trees, this ability is not (35) synonymous with gliding ability. (Many small animals, and even some goats and kangaroos, are capable of climbing trees but are not gliders.) Besides, (40) Archaeopteryx shows no obvi- ous features of gliders, such as a broad membrane connecting forelimbs and hind limbs. The “cursorial”(running) (45) hypothesis holds that small dinosaurs ran along the ground and stretched out their arms for balance as they leaped into the air after insect prey or, perhaps, (50) to avoid predators. Even rudi- mentary feathers on forelimbs could have expanded the arm’s surface area to enhance lift slightly. Larger feathers could (55) have increased lift incrementally, until sustained flight was gradu- ally achieved. Of course, a leap into the air does not provide the acceleration produced by drop- (60) ping out of a tree; an animal would have to run quite fast to take off. Still, some small terrestrial animals can achieve high speeds. The cursorial (65) hypothesis is strengthened by the fact that the immediate the- ropod dinosaur ancestors of birds were terrestrial, and they had the traits needed for high (70) lift off speeds: they were small, agile, lightly built, long-legged, and good runners. And because they were bipedal, their arms were free to evolve flapping flight, (75) which cannot be said for other reptiles of their time.就是这篇原题的,一字不漏的,题目都一样! 给个链接大家参照一下。http://forum.chasedream.com/archiver/GMAT_RC/thread-225965-1.html
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