请教GMAT补充22篇里的passage66

weixun1990

请教GMAT补充22篇里的passage66
Passage 66 (3/22)
The health-care economy is replete with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understood involves the peculiar roles of producer or “provider” and purchaser or “consumer” in the typical doctor-patient relationship. In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract a potential buyer with various inducements of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. Where circumstances permit the buyer no choice because there is only one seller and the product is relatively essential, government usually asserts monopoly and places the industry under price and other regulations. Neither of these conditions prevails in most of the health-care industry.

In the health-care industry, the doctor-patient relationship is the of the ordinary relationshipbetween producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician—and even then there may be no real choice—it is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return “next Wednesday,” whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. It is a rare and sophisticated patient who will challenge such professional decisions or raisequestions about price, especially when the ailment is regarded as serious.

This is particularly significant hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged. Thepatient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but it is the doctor’s judgments that are final. Little wonder then that the hospital it is the physician who is the real “consumer.” As a consequence,the medical staff represents the “power center” in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration.

Although usually there are in this situation four identifiable participants—the physician, the hospital, the patient, and the payer (generally an insurance carrier or government)—the physician makes the essential decisions for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension of the physician; the payer generally meets most of the bills generated by the physician/hospital; and the patient plays a passive role. In routine or minor illnesses, or just plain worries, the patient’s options are, of course, much greater use and price. In illnesses that are of some significance, however, such choices tend to and it is for these illnesses that the bulk of the health-care dollar is spent. We estimate that about 75-80 percent of health-care expenditures are determinedby physicians, not patients. For this reason, economy measures directed at patients or the general public are relatively ineffective.

2.It can be inferred that doctors are able to determine hospital policies because

(A) it is doctors who generate income for the hospital

(B) most of a patient’s bills are paid by his health insurance

(C) hospital administrators lack the expertise to question medical decisions

(D) a doctor is ultimately responsible for a patient’s health（A）

(E) some patients might refuse to accept their physician’s advice
第二题找到原文应该是 The hospital becomes an extension of the physician，那为什么不能选D，我感觉D是不对的，但是没有给A的任何提示啊
我自己想的是：这题是infer题，那么应该紧扣文章主旨，文章主旨是探讨economic factors，只有A和B涉及，而B明显是无关的，所以选A
但感觉自己这样解释不太对


4.The author is most probably leading up to
(A) a proposal to control medical costs

(B) a discussion of a new medical treatment

(C) an analysis of the causes of inflation in the United States

(D) a study of lawsuits against doctors for malpractice（A）

(E) a comparison of hospitals and factories
这题我知道题目问的是lead up to所以选A，但是文章没有出现任何proposal的迹象啊？我觉得选E不是更实际一些吗？


7.The author’s primary concern is to

(A) define a term

(B) clarify a misunderstanding

(C) refute a theory

(D) discuss a problem（D）

(E) announce a new discovery
这题选D，但文章只是说这个relationship很奇怪很独特，然后拿来和industry比较，有表示医生权力太大因而病人的地位是negative的，却没有提到过这是一个problem。

其实这几道题都跟作者的意图及文章主旨有关系，但是我感觉这些答案都有二次推理的嫌疑因为都像是藏在文章背后的，还是说做这些题的时候，是要推理得更远一些，紧扣作者在文章背后的意图？

weixun1990

没人理…自己顶…