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Odorsdiffer in several ways from the pictures and sounds more familiar toadvertising researchers. Compared to visual and aural cues, odors are difficultto recognize, are relatively difficult to label, may produce false alarms andcreate placebo effects. Schab (1991), in a review of the literature, concludedthat the ability to attach a name to a particular odor is so limited thatindividuals, on average, can identify only 40% to 50% of odors in a battery ofcommon odors. Additionally, consumer ability to detect and recognize odors isinfluenced by surrounding cues (Davis 1981). For example, a consumer is more likely to recognize a lemon scent whenthe scent is contained in a yellow liquid than when it is contained in a redliquid. Third, false alarms, perceiving an odor when in reality no odor ispresent, are relatively common (Engen 1972). Finally, researchers have shownthat both emotional and physical states can be affected just by believing anodor is present. The odorant itself need not be present (Knasko, Gilbert, andSabini 1990). That finding suggests placebo effects.
这段很相似,仅仅是相似,没到原文的境界。。。其他的不用看了。 |
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