Lentic freshwater habitats in temperate regions exist along a gradient from small
ephemeral ponds to large permanent lakes. This environmental continuum is a
useful axis for understanding how attributes of individuals ultimately generate
structure at the level of the community. Community structure across the gradient
is determined by both (a) physical factors, such as pond drying and winter anoxia,
that limit the potential breadth of species distributions, and (b) biotic effects mediated
by ecological interactions, principally predation, that determine the realized
success of species. Fitness tradeoffs associated with a few critical traits of individuals
often form the basis for species turnover along the gradient. Among
species that inhabit temporary ponds, distributions are often constrained because
traits that enhance developmental rate and competitive ability also increase susceptibility
to predators. In permanent ponds, changes in the composition of major
predators over the gradient limit distributions of prey species because traits that
reduce mortality risk in one region of the gradient cause increased risk in other
regions of the gradient. Integrated across the gradient, these patterns in species
success generate distinct patterns in community structure. Additionally, spatial
heterogeneity among habitats along the gradient and the fitness tradeoffs created
by this heterogeneity may hold important evolutionary implications for habita
楼主,请问活水和死水是有关这个的吗?
-- by 会员 我爱开开 (2011/6/7 19:55:28)
可以可以给个原文链接啵?我更新到背景材料里哈~谢谢啦