GWD13套，episodic memory

雪落无声

Q4 to Q7:

      The term “episodic memory” was

  introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

       considered a uniquely human capacity—

Line       the ability to recollect specific past events,

  (5)       to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind—as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al.

developed criteria to test for episodic

(10)      memory in animals.  According to these

criteria, episodic memories are not of

individual bits of information; they involve

multiple components of a single event

“bound” together.  Clayton sought to

(15)      examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

information and their binding of this infor-

mation.  In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

(20)      scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required

       jays to remember the type, location, and

       freshness of stored food based on a unique

learning event.  Crickets were stored in one

location and peanuts in another.  Jays

(25)      prefer crickets, but crickets degrade

more quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

(30)      information about the what, the where,

and the when.  Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal whether the birds were

       reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information.  Clayton acknowledged this by

using the term “episodic-like” memory.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q4:

The primary purpose of the passage is to

              

1. explain how the findings of a particular experiment have been interpreted and offer an alternative interpretation


2. describe a particular experiment and point out one of its limitations


3. present similarities between human memory and animal memory


4. point out a flaw in the argument that a certain capacity is uniquely human


5. account for the unexpected behavior of animal subjects in a particular experiment

我选D，对嘛？文章在开头先说了什么unique to human，后面的试验证明了并不是unique to human的，鸟也有“episodo-like"memory。排除B是因为文章没有讨论limitation。

Q7:

It can be inferred from the passage that both Tulving and Clayton would agree with which of the following statements?

1. Animals’ abilities to use information about a specific past event are not conclusive evidence of episodic memory.


2. Animals do not share humans’ abilities to reexperience the past through memory.


3. The accuracy of animals’ memories is difficult to determine through direct experimentation.


4. Humans tend to recollect single bits of information more accurately than do animals.


5. The binding of different kinds of information is not a distinctive feature of episodic memory.

选了E，定位是黄蓝标注的地方。对嘛？

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-6-13 22:02:20编辑过]

醋醋妹妹

Q4偶选B.

Q7偶选E, 偶是从文章第一句里面看出来的.  

MM答案拿来.

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-6-13 22:44:59编辑过]

雪落无声

这套题没有答案的，sorry

第四体，文章又说experiment 的limitation 嘛？

醋醋妹妹

limitation偶是在文章的最后两句读出来的.

麻集爱

q7 异议。醋醋。 偶选a。欢迎指正

醋醋妹妹

偶文章的第一句又读了一遍, 同意麻DD对Q7选A.

麻集爱

谢谢

fair_sword

7. 醋醋，我也选A,不过我是排除出来，你能把7,a的理由出来吗，谢谢

isann

同9楼

求这个版本的答案！