请教各位大牛两道逻辑题

哥大千里马

BE?12. The only physical factor preventing a human journey to Mars has been weight. Carrying enough fuel to propel a conventional spacecraft to Mars and back would make even the lightest craft too heavy to be launched from Earth. A device has recently been invented, however, that allows an otherwise conventional spacecraft to refill the craft’s fuel tanks with fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere for the return trip. Therefore, it is possible for people to go to Mars in a spacecraft that carries this device and then return.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) The amount of fuel needed for a spacecraft to return from Mars is the same as the amount of fuel needed to travel from Earth to Mars.

(B) The fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere would not differ in composition from the fuel used to travel to Mars.

(C) The device for manufacturing fuel from the Martian atmosphere would not take up any of the spaceship crew’s living space.

(D) A conventional spacecraft equipped with the device would not be appreciably more expensive to construct than current spacecraft typically are.

(E) The device for manufacturing fuel for the return to Earth weighs less than the tanks of fuel that a conventional spacecraft would otherwise need to carry from Earth for the return trip.
这道题我是这么想的，按照假设题答案多出在否定句，锁定了BCD选项，然后捂住选项的not，找到能够削弱文章的选项，我认为是B,但是答案选了E？那位大牛可以帮我解释一下啊？



DB ?8. The stable functioning of a society depends upon the relatively long-term stability of the goals of its citizens. This is clear from the fact that unless the majority of individuals have a predictable and enduring set of aspirations, it will be impossible for a legislature to craft laws that will augment the satisfaction of the citizenry, and it should be obvious that a society is stable only if its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens.

The claim that a society is stable only if its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens plays which one of the following roles in the argument?

(A) It is the conclusion of the argument.

(B) It helps to support the conclusion of the argument.

(C) It is a claim that must be refuted if the conclusion is to be established.

(D) It is a consequence of the argument.

(E) It is used to illustrate the general principle that the argument presupposes.
这种题感觉上就没有思路啊？

DB ?8. The stable functioning of a society depends upon the relatively long-term stability of the goals of its citizens. This is clear from the fact that unless the majority of individuals have a predictable and enduring set of aspirations, it will be impossible for a legislature to craft laws that will augment the satisfaction of the citizenry, and it should be obvious that a society is stable only if its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens.

The claim that a society is stable only if its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens plays which one of the following roles in the argument?

(A) It is the conclusion of the argument.

(B) It helps to support the conclusion of the argument.

(C) It is a claim that must be refuted if the conclusion is to be established.

(D) It is a consequence of the argument.

(E) It is used to illustrate the general principle that the argument presupposes.
这种题感觉上就没有思路啊？

clumsy123

1.原题说带着足够的燃料飞来飞去太重的，然后有一种设备可以利用火星的大气产生回去的燃料，结论说带着这个设备去火星是可行的。我觉得这里假设是这个设备不会比回程需要的燃料重，否则就不能减轻飞船的重量，就没有用这个设备的意义了~
按照假设题答案多出在否定句，锁定了BCD选项，然后捂住选项的not，找到能够削弱文章的选项

取非找的不是削弱的选项，而是使原argument不能成立的选项！！！这才是assumption的作用。

哥大千里马

嗯嗯感谢