求问一道逻辑题

Chrislvzh

Treatment for hypertension forestalls certain medical expenses by preventing strokes and heart disease.Yet any money so saved amounts to only one-fourth of the expenditures required to treat the hypertensive population.Therefore, there is no economic justification for preventive treatment for hypertension.

Which of the following, if true, is most damaging to the conclusion above?

(A) The many fatal strokes and heart attacks resulting from untreated hypertension cause insignificant medical expenditures but large economic losses of other sorts.

(B) The cost, per patient, of preventive treatment for hypertension would remain constant even if such treatment were instituted on a large scale.

(C) In matters of health care, economic considerations should ideally not be dominant.

(D) Effective prevention presupposes early diagnosis, and programs to ensure early diagnosis are costly.

(E) The net savings in medical resources achieved by some preventive health measures are smaller than the net losses attributable to certain other measures of this kind.

答案:a

上海梧桐雨

首先，题目中讨论的是一个treatment的经济效益问题，它说这个treatment可以通过防止中风和心脏病节约医药费，但它从这方面节约的医药费只是它产生的污染治理费的四分之一，从而得出这个treatment经济上不合算的结论。
首先排除C，因为题目针对的就是经济效益，可是它表示这个因素不重要。
然后排除D，因为题目中结论是这个treatment经济上不合算，而D接受这个结论而不是推翻，所以第二个排除。也可以说它犯了与C一样的错误，考虑的是effective而非效益。
然后再排除E，E涉及某种measure和other measure的比较，而题目只讨论一种measure的问题，与other measure无关，排除。
然后看B，它说这个treatment对于每个病人能节约的单位成本不变。但仅此一个条件无法完整构成与治理污染产生的费用的比较，证据不足，排除。
正确答案应该是A吧，它说中风和心脏病的医药费只是它们产生的费用其中的一小部分，还有更多其他方面的费用，所以完全可以说题目的比较不完整，成功削弱。
总之，我认为这道逻辑题的问题不在于思维，而在于阅读，题目和选项都很绕的说……所以做题一定要静心，耐心，专心：）