谈谈我对科技文的学习心得，同时谈谈复习gmat以来的感悟

sorcerer

一直恐惧于科技文阅读
认为术语是主要障碍
其实不然
做科技文的主要障碍在于心理障碍
你怕它所以它才变得可怕

备受打击之后
我试着理性的去面对科技文
分析总结
得到了些心得
跟大家交流交流

以杨继阅读passage38 为例，讲讲我的分析思路，红色括号内为我想的

Passage 38

It was once believed （看到once，十有八九这个观点得被反驳了）that the brain was independent

of metabolic processes occurring elsewhere in the body.

In recent studies, however（果不其然，由此可见，这里有新老对比，however前的负态度，however后的正态度）, we have discovered that the

production and release in brain neurons of the neuro-

(5) transmitter serotonin (neurotransmitters are compounds

that neurons use to transmit signals to other cells)（neurotansmitter，serotonin不认识，不用管，记住有个neur-，还有个sero-，括号里的解释neurotransmitter不用太在意）

depend directly on the food that the body processes.
（对于第一段，弄清楚逻辑结构就好了，以前提出来的independent，后来提出来的理论是dependent，对以前负评价，对后来的正评价）

Ourfirst studies（脑子里有个意识，肯定有第二个……） sought to（表实验目的，留意下）determine whether the

increase in serotonin observed in rats given a large injec-

(10)tion of the amino acid tryptophan（不认识，记作tryp-）might also occur after

rats ate meals that change tryptophan levels in the

blood. We found that（出结果啦，通常伴随着结论）, immediately after the rats began

to eat, parallel（表关系，相当于“=”） elevations occurred in blood tryptophan,

brain tryptophan, and brain serotonin levels（意思这三个东西，吃的结果跟注射的结果一样）. These find-

(15)ings suggested that（出结论了）the production and release of sero-

tonin in brain neurons were normally coupled with

blood-tryptophan increases. （至此，第一个实验结束，要弄懂的就是injection vs eat，tryp-和sero-结果是一样的，上升）In later studies（下一个实验） we found

that injecting insulin into a rat’s bloodstream also （这个词在第二个实验和第一个实验间建立了联系，结果理解成“=”）caused

parallel elevations in blood and brain tryptophan levels

(20) and in serotonin levels. We then（第三个实验） decided to see whether（表实验目的）

the secretion of the animal’s own insulin similarly affected

serotonin production. We gave the rats a carbohydrate-

containing meal that we knew would elicit insulin secre-

tion. As we had hypothesized（结果就是similarly，由此可见，尽管做了三个实验，做的方法不一样，但根据also，similarly这些词建立的联系就是结果一样）, the blood tryptophan

(25) level and the concentrations of tryptophan

serotonin in the brain increased after the meal.
（乍看上去，这一段关系乱七八糟，好多东西似懂非懂，做题时心情受其影响，基本靠蒙。但其实，通过分析可见，gmac那帮兄弟只是想告诉你三个实验的内在联系，抓住这这个，那些表象上的看懂看不懂不影响做题的）
（第一个实验：消除了injection和eat tryp-的区别，同时建立了tryp-与sero-的联系，正向；第二个实验：insulin（injected）导致tryp-与sero-升；第三个实验：insulin（own），导致tryp-和sero-升）


Surprisingly（明显表现作者态度的词，要重视）, however（转折词的重要性就不言而喻了）, when we added a large

amount of protein to the meal, brain tryptophan and

serotonin levels fell.Since protein contains tryptophan,

(30)why should it depress brain tryptophan levels? (前面一直讨论increase，这次fell了，由此可见，新引入的protein导致tryp-和sero-的fell，出现了一个新现象，提出了个新问题). The

answer lies in the mechanism that provides blood tryp-

tophan to the brain cells. This same mechanism also

provides the brain cells with other amino acids found in

protein, such as tyrosine and leucine. The consumption

(35)of protein increases blood concentration of the other

amino acids much more, proportionately, than it does

that of tryptophan.（读到这里，有点乱，知道answer是mechanism）
The more protein in the meal, the

lower is the ratio of the resulting blood-tryptophan

concentration to the concentration of competing amino

(40) acids, and the more slowly is tryptophan provided to

the brain.（这就是gmac表达关系的方式，一看到the more..the more,立刻转化为正反向关系：protein(+)会导致ratio of....(-),又会导致tryp慢(-)）Thus （结论信号词）the more protein in a meal, the less

serotonin subsequently produced and released.（protein+导致sero- 下降）

再来看题





1. Which of the following titles best（有上述分析，BT题比较简单）summarizes the

contents of the passage?

(A) Neurotransmitters: Their Crucial Function in

Cellular Communication

(B) Diet and Survival: An Old Relationship Reexamined

(C) The Blood Supply and the Brain: A Reciprocal

Dependence

(D) Amino Acids and Neurotransmitters: The

Connection Between Serotonin Levels and Tyrosine

(E) The Effects of Food Intake on the Production and

Release of Serotonin: Some Recent Findings



2. According to the passage, the speed with which

tryptophan is provided to the brain cells of a rat varies

with the(考联系，tryp-与谁联系，怎么联系，从最后几行易知protein)

(A) amount of protein present in a meal

(B) concentration of serotonin in the brain before a meal

(C) concentration of leucine in the blood rather than on

the concentration of tyrosine in the blood after a

meal

(D) concentration of tryptophan in the brain before a

meal

(E) number of serotonin-containing neurons present in

the brain before a meal



3. According to the passage, when the authors began their

first studies（定位词）, they were aware（这题回归到first studies后，发现讲的是injection和eat，所以C,E成为contender，但aware，可理解为已知，科学家研究的是吃是不是和注射一样自然知道注射的了，so E） that

(A) they would eventually need to design experiments

that involved feeding rats high concentrations of

protein

(B) tryptophan levels in the blood were difficult to

monitor with accuracy

(C) serotonin levels increased after rats were fed meals

rich in tryptophan

(D) there were many neurotransmitters whose

production was dependent on metabolic processes

elsewhere in the body.

(E) serotonin levels increased after rats were injected

with a large amount of tryptophan

4. According to the passage, one reason that the authors

gave rats carbohydrates was to（考实验目的，定位回carbon-，that后面的表对含有carbon-的meal的解释，易知）

(A) depress the rats’ tryptophan levels

(B) prevent the rats from contracting diseases

(C) cause the rats to produce insulin

(D) demonstrate that insulin is the most important

substance secreted by the body

(E) compare the effect of carbohydrates with the effect

of proteins



5. According to the passage, the more protein a rat

consumes, the lower will be the（考联系，细节，ratio of ….当然，细节题最大的困难在于准确定位，而当你知道了文章哪些地方讲了联系，回头找的时候自然事半功倍）

(A) ratio of the rat’s blood-tryptophan concentration to

the amount of serotonin produced and released in the

rat’s brain

(B) ratio of the rat’s blood-tryptophan concentration to

the concentration in its blood of the other amino

acids contained in the protein

(C) ratio of the rat’s blood-tyrosine concentration to its

blood-leucine concentration

(D) number of neurotransmitters of any kind that the rat

will produce and release

(E) number of amino acids the rat’s blood will contain



6. The authors’ discussion of the “mechanism that provides

blood tryptophan to the brain cells” (lines 31-32) is

meant to （记得answer mechanism吧，定位回mechanism，回忆逻辑结构，新现象导致提出新问题，这是问题的answer）

(A) stimulate further research studies

(B) summarize an area of scientific investigation

(C) help explain why a particular research finding was

obtained

(D) provide supporting evidence for a controversial

scientific theory

(E) refute the conclusions of a previously mentioned

research study



7. According to the passage, an injection of insulin was

most similar（“=”出现了，三个实验一直就在说结果相等，effect 同义替换结果，在对sero-的effect上，insulin（injected）=insulin（own or carb-meal）tryp-） in its effect on rats to an injection of

(A) tyrosine

(B) leucine

(C) blood

(D) tryptophan

(E) protein



8. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the

following would be LEAST likely to be a potential

source of aid to a patient who was not adequately

producing and releasing serotonin?（又是考联系，patient的sero-少，肯定不能吃抑制sero-的东西，protein抑制，易知）

(A) Meals consisting almost exclusively of protein

(B) Meals consisting almost exclusively of

carbohydrates

(C) Meals that would elicit insulin secretion

(D) Meals that had very low concentrations of tyrosine

(E) Meals that had very low concentrations of leucine



9. It can be inferred from the passage that the authors

initially held which of the following hypotheses about

what would happen when they fed large amounts of

protein to rats?（还记得surprisingly吧，作者态度词，however后面取非。Infer题里好多靠取非思维）

(A) The rats’ brain serotonin levels would not decrease.

(B) The rats’ brain tryptophan levels would decrease

(C) The rats’ tyrosine levels would increase less quickly

than would their leucine levels

(D) The rats would produce more insulin.

(E) The rats would produce neurotransmitters other than

serotonin.

以上就是我分析的思路

其实分析完后，

什么serotonin，tryptophan…还是不认识

但当你知道了他们之间的关系

就能准确做题了

Gmac的出题人绝对不是考这些变态单词

而是透过这些恼人的单词，影响你的心情

实际考察你的逻辑能力，对事物内在联系的把握

术语是毫无意义的，只不过是个代号

我们纠结于对文章的认知上，其实就背离了gmac出题人考察逻辑能力的初衷



对于科技文，无非考的就是主旨，实验目的，结论，当然最重要的是内在联系

当然，考试的时候绝对没有足够的时间详细地去分析

但做完题多分析分析，明白套路后，真考起试来就轻车熟路了



还有一点我想跟大家聊聊的就是，好多人跟我说考gmat的阅读，到时候靠寂静就好了

我是很排斥这种想法的

寂静，当然重要，但只是锦上添花绝非雪中送炭。

我们都得问问自己学gmat为了什么

为了高分，找个好学校…

为了高分，得到别人青睐…

的确有这些因素

但这绝对不是最根本的

我觉得上进的同学学习gmat其实是为了提升自己的能力

而且gmat的确很考验人的能力，无论学术能力，还是在逆境中坚持，在顺境中不放弃

当我能自己独立分析问题时，我觉得我在提高

当我从做杨继63百分之五十多的准确率到现在百分之九十多，gwd的rc平均每套题错两到三个的时候

我觉得我的努力得到了回报

无论提交之后屏幕上是什么分数

我都知道，我坚持着，我提高了，我无怨无悔

在最开始错题错得暗无天日的日子里，我知道我在锻炼自己的逆商，我坚信付出终有回报，不是不报，时候未到，坚持！

在做gwd顺风顺水的时候，我提醒自己，失败容易让人放弃，因为妄自菲薄，成功更诱惑人放弃，因为忘乎所以。坚持！

与大家共勉！

四月一战

毛毛carina

后面写的好！！超级感同身受

fionaz426

文章分析得很仔细很到位。但是我有一个concern，这些都是我们做完题总结的时候弄的，做题时在短时间内怎么用上？不是还得靠读懂文章。

sorcerer

的确，做题的时候不可能逐句逐句这样分析，这种分析只能在做完题后做。但并不代表这么做对做题没帮助。
引用lawyer讲CR的做题思路，CR要求的时间决定了每道题不可能有那么多时间分析，但正是在分析的基础上才能总结出方法，反复运用方法才能养成解题感觉。比如CR里的assumption题，lawyer给的方法很简单，取非，检验看有没有weaken。如果你没按一道一道题去做去分析，很难真正体会更难灵活运用这一法则。
同理，RC的方法和规则很多书也说过，但不意味着就能灵活自如的运用。只有你在不断地分析的基础上，你才能理解一些方法规则，才能灵活运用。分析的过程是耗时的，痛苦的，但当你潜移默化中培养了正确的思维，下次看到这种类型的就跟条件反射一样找到正确答案了。这就是培养出了题感。考试的时候，分析的过程早在脑子里一闪而过了，你需要的只是通过平时积累给你的直觉去做题。
回到RC再举几个例子，比如once这个词，通过这篇的分析，再加上更多文章的总结，就得出了你对它的理解，即如果once提出的理论很有可能会被反驳掉。以后遇到这种题就按着这个思路去做（当然也不能纯经验主义，但总结出的还是很有可靠性的）；再比如infer的取非，做多了题，按着正确思路分析了，下次看到answer choices直觉就能告诉你那个靠谱；再比如这篇文章通过分析，你得到的不单单是具体的一些方法，而且还告诉你一些意识上的东西，比如联系很重要，the more，the more很可能有考点……这些都是通过不断分析养成的思维啊，在真正的考试中因为你熟练了你就可以省略分析的过程了，直接用以前的经验答题了
写了好多，总之：
的确我们的付出都是为了最后能做对题
但不能功利地认为做对题才是最重要的
为什么我们能做对题
因为在做题之前我们就养成了gmac想要的思维
这种思维怎么养成
认真地分析做过的题
其实就是个抽象与具体的关系
从个别的题的分析中抽象出共性的东西
考试的时候具体的文章在共性的基础上具体分析

真的又写了好多

sorcerer

加油！我觉得GMAT教给我的最多的不是方法上的东西，而是如何在顺境逆境中坚持。所以我把GMAT理解成Go！My Ambiton and Tenacity

jeanblanc

本来只想学习一下科技文的技巧，但更让人折服的是LZ对GMAT本质的体会。的确是这样，这看似是简单的一个考试，其实背后也有更深的道理。只有战胜自己，超越自己，才能走出GMAT的陷阱，同样，走出人生的陷阱。谢谢LZ的文字，也很认同你对GMAT新的理解。虽然我做到的赶你差了很远，但会继续努力。

Hyozia

好帖 顶

aven2643

shiwenpp

四月一战~~
共勉共勉~~~

vvbao

谢谢楼主的心得 倍受鼓舞！分析总结真的很耗时 不过只有总结消化过的才是自己的。日积月累的历练总会带来成功的 像LZ说的那样，不是不报 时候未到啊！共勉 fighting！