补充阅读30/63 文章看似很简单，题目怎么这么难...请教请教~(已解决)

mofell

Passage 30 (30/63)
Since the early 1970’s, historians have begun to devote serious attention to the working class in the United States. Yet while we now have studies of working-class communities and culture, we know remarkably little of worklessness. When historians have paid any attention at all to unemployment, they have focused on the Great Depression of the 1930’
s. The narrowness of this perspective ignores the pervasive recessions and joblessness of the previous decades, as Alexander Keyssar shows in his recent book. Examining the period 1870-1920, Keyssar concentrates on Massachusetts, where the historical materials are particularly rich, and the findings applicable to other industrial areas.


The unemployment rates that Keyssar calculates appear to be relatively modest, at least by Great Depression standards: during the worst years, in the 1870’s and 1890’
s, unemployment was around 15 percent. Yet Keyssar rightly understands that a better way to measure the impact of unemployment is to calculate unemployment frequencies—measuring the percentage of workers who experience any unemployment in the course of (in the course of: adv.在...期间) a year. Given this perspective, joblessness looms much larger.


Keyssar also scrutinizes unemployment patterns according to skill level, ethnicity, race, age, class, and gender. He finds that rates of joblessness differed primarily according to class: those in middle-class and white-collar occupations were far less likely to be unemployed. Yet the impact of unemployment on a specific class was not always the same. Even when dependent on the same trade, adjoining communities could have dramatically different unemployment rates. Keyssar uses these differential rates to help explain a phenomenon that has puzzled historians—the startlingly high rate of geographical mobility in the nineteenth-century United States. But mobility was not the dominant working-class strategy for coping with unemployment, nor was assistance from private charities or state agencies. Self-help and the help of kin got most workers through jobless spells.


While Keyssar might have spent more time developing the implications of his findings on joblessness for contemporary public policy, his study, in its thorough research and creative use of quantitative and qualitative evidence, is a model of historical analysis.

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有疑惑的是3、4题

3.According to the passage, which of the following is true of Keyssar’s findings concerning unemployment in Massachusetts?

(A) They tend to contradict earlier findings about such unemployment.

(B) They are possible because Massachusetts has the most easily accessible historical records.

(C) They are the first to mention the existence of high rates of geographical mobility in the nineteenth century.

(D) They are relevant to a historical understanding of the nature of unemployment in other states.（D）

(E) They have caused historians to reconsider the role of the working class during the Great Depression.
选项D的内容对应文章哪里呢，我没找到……因为文中说“ Given this perspective, joblessness looms much larger”，A好像也有点道理



4.According to the passage, which of the following is true of the unemployment rates mentioned in line 15?

(A) They hovered, on average, around 15 percent during the period 1870-1920.

(B) They give less than a full sense of the impact of unemployment on working-class people.

(C) They overestimate the importance of middle class and white-collar unemployment.

(D) They have been considered by many historians to underestimate the extent of working-class unemployment.（B）

(E) They are more open to question when calculated for years other than those of peak recession.
这道题也看不太懂。。B对应的原文在哪里，E又是什么意思呢。。

ffen

我来试试～
3.我会定位在line10，因为那是第一次出现M州（XDF老师说定位定在名词第一次出现）。我是觉得这里解释了他为什么用M州的例子，因为1.历史材料比较多，2.可以运用于其他工业地区(industrial areas，我一开始理解成为其他工业行业了，今天又看了下，发现是不是说美国的其他工业地区)
A.我是觉得他没有contradict，K的M州的失业影响，只是和历史数据比，更加大。
D.因为line10说了可以运用于其他工业地区（如果我的理解是对的话...），所以是与其他州的数据有关的，D正确～

4.第二段那里提到了2个概念，一个是unemployment rates，另一个是unemployment frequencies。原来是用u.t.来衡量impact of unemployment，k发现u.t不是很大，然后有个更好的衡量impact的方法，u.f.
问题问的是u.t，所以B说u.t没有全面反应impact是对的（不然他也不用用u.f的方法了嘛～）
E的意思是：当u.t被计算很多年，而不是只是在衰退最严重的时候，u.t更容易被质疑。是个无关比较～所以E不对

呵呵，我本来这篇就过去了，看你问问题了重新想了下错的题目，发现我原来都没有仔细想清楚，这样很好，谢谢！嘿嘿～

mofell

经过你的解释我也懂了.一直没发现 unemployment frequencies是针对unemployment rates提出来的..也同样误解了industrial areas的意思.....谢谢哈~~