一篇文章的详细总结，逻辑简图，小安阅读法的疑惑，望大家指导~~

huangyouhuifei

小安NN在经验中提到：
“进行横向总结：
1、根据细节题的题目和正确答案把考点在原文中全部画出来。然后看细节题的考法，总结：主要的无外乎取非和关键字替换
2、把所有main idea题看一遍，看其对文章意思的表述方法：有套路，且不走极端
3、把所有结构题看一遍，看其表述方法
4、把态度题看一遍（题目太少，可以再看看gre年代题）
5、最关键的题information题。没什么好方法，锻炼看题目时的记忆力，还有主要从段落意思上看”

但是，小安光指出了上述指出的五种题型，问题是，若看不出究竟是哪种题型，怎么用小安阅读法进行总结？对于哪些非上述题型的题，我们该怎么办？（固然，上述题型所占比例很大，但其他的题型也不能不管呀）

可是，有些题目，可能是由于水平的原因，看不出来是什么题型，或者是本来就不是上述五种规范的题型，我们在实施小安阅读法总结的时候怎么办？

比如下面2、4两道题，我就不知道是什么题型。

文章：
Passage 11 (11/63)
Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems. First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.
I would like to make an outrageous (exceeding the limits of what is usual) suggestion that would at one stroke (at one stroke: adv.一笔, 一举) provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market. Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the publication of results. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavator’s grip on the market, thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities.
You might object that professionals excavate to acquire knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all to appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder. I agree. Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or scientific value. But, you might reply everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value. Here we part company. Theoretically, you may be correct in claiming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong.
I refer to the thousands of pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates of one another. In one small excavation in Cyprus, archaeologists recently uncovered 2,000 virtually indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard, Even precious royal seal impressions known as l’melekh handles have been found in abundance—more than 4,000 examples so far.
The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future. There is not enough money even to catalogue the finds; as a result, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed, with the help of a computer, sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements. Prior to sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes.
It would be unrealistic to suggest that illegal digging would stop if artifacts were sold on the open market. But the demand for the clandestine product would be substantially reduced. Who would want an unmarked pot when another was available whose provenance was known, and that was dated stratigraphically (stratigraphy: n.地层学, 地层中的岩石组成) by the professional archaeologist who excavated it?

我的总结：
【套路】
问题解决型
【结构图】
1 提出问题：考古学面临两大问题：poor illegal excavation （第一段）
2 提出正确解决方案：在市场上卖掉发掘出来的艺术品。I would propose that scientific archeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market.（第二段前半部分）
3 对正确方案进行论述（说正确方案好，说正确方案是如何解决问题的）：
总体论述，说正确方案好。（第二段后半部分）
对反对正确方案的观点进行反驳（让步→转折），说不做正确方案的坏处。（第三、四段和第五段前部分）
反对观点是：考古挖掘是用来获得知识的，而不是用来获得钱的；古董是世界的文化遗产，应该被所有人欣赏，而非用来卖高价；所有从地下挖出来的都是有科学价值的。（You might object that professionals excavate to acquire knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all to appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder. ......）
反驳：长得一模一样pottery vessels、ancient lamps和royal seal impressions的数量非常之多，多得连博物馆里面都放不下了，而且没钱对大量的进行归类（catalogue），暗示从地下挖出来的东西不一定都有科学价值；而且让人无法触及inaccessible（不采用正确方案的坏处）。
又谈正确方案的好处：more accessible；required to agree to return（第五段后部分）
再谈正确方案的好处（让步→转折）：虽然采用正确方案后，完全杜绝非法挖掘不现实，但是，当市场上出现了由专家编号的陶罐后，谁还会去卖哪些来历不明未编号的陶罐呢？（言外之意是说，就没人会去买了）既是说，采用了正确方案能够解决illegal excavation的问题。
【结构略图】
1 提出问题。（第一段）
2 提出正确解决方案。（第二段前半部分）
3 说正确解决方案好，反对的都不好。（剩下的）
【题目】
1.    The primary purpose of the passage is to propose
(A) an alternative to museum display of artifacts
(B) a way to curb illegal digging while benefiting the archaeological profession
(C) a way to distinguish artifacts with scientific value from those that have no such value
(D) the governmental regulation of archaeological sites
(E) a new system for cataloguing duplicate artifacts
主题题：
文章套路是问题解决型。文章主要内容是：对两大问题poor illegal excavation的解决。选项(B) a way to curb illegal digging while benefiting the archaeological profession，就是一种既可以抑制非法挖掘又可以使考古行业受益的方法。
正确答案：B
2.    The author implies that all of the following statements about duplicate artifacts are true EXCEPT:
(A) A market for such artifacts already exists.
(B) Such artifacts seldom have scientific value.
(C) There is likely to be a continuing supply of such artifacts.
(D) Museums are well supplied with examples of such artifacts.
(E) Such artifacts frequently exceed in quality those already catalogued in museum collections.
题型？？？？？
市场已经存在。第一段最后一句话提到：Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder. 在这句话中有卖sold，又有投标人bidder，以此推断出工艺品买卖市场已经存在。
这种工艺品很少有科学价值。在第三段后部分提到：But, you might reply everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value. Here we part company. Theoretically, you may be correct in claiming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong.你有可能认为从地下挖出来的都有科学价值，但事实上，你错了。也就是说没有什么科学价值。
可能有持续的供给。第五段第一句话提到：The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future. “to be discovered in the future”说明了未来还会有艺术品的发掘，艺术品的发掘=艺术品的持续供给。
博物馆装了很多这种艺术品。第五段第一句话提到：The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future. 博物馆地下室放不下未来发掘的艺术品了，由此推出已经装了很多了。
这种艺术品（既duplicate artifacts）通常在质量上超过了博物馆里存放的。整篇文章只有一个出现quality质量这个单词，是在第一段最后一句话Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.此处的“museum-quality”没有任何博物馆艺术品和的duplicate artifacts比较。
正确答案：E
3.    Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a disadvantage of storing artifacts in museum basements?
(A) Museum officials rarely allow scholars access to such artifacts.
(B) Space that could be better used for display is taken up for storage.
(C) Artifacts discovered in one excavation often become separated from each other.
(D) Such artifacts are often damaged by variations in temperature and humidity.
(E) Such artifacts’ often remain uncatalogued and thus cannot be located once they are put in storage.
细节题→文中同意替换：
第五段第二句话提到：There is not enough money even to catalogue the finds; as a result, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. 没有足够的钱来对发掘的艺术品分类，变得无法触碰，就像没被发掘一样。(E) 是此句的同意替换：not enough money even to catalogue→uncatalogued；inaccessible→cannot be located不能被找出。
4.    The author mentions the excavation in Cyprus (lines 31-34) to emphasize which of the following points?
(A) Ancient lamps and pottery vessels are less valuable, although more rare, than royal seal impressions.
(B) Artifacts that are very similar to each other present cataloguing difficulties to archaeologists.
(C) Artifacts that are not uniquely valuable, and therefore could be sold, are available in large quantities.
(D) Cyprus is the most important location for unearthing large quantities of salable artifacts.
(E) Illegal sales of duplicate artifacts are wide-spread, particularly on the island of Cyprus.
题型？？？？？
个人认为此题有点类似于in order to题型，引出Cyprus的例子想说明什么？这段话（第四段）的存在就是为说明反对正确方案的观点是错的，充当了论据的作用，其论点是“Practically, you are wrong”，前文说“But, you might reply everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value. ”将其has scientific value取非得到not uniquely valuable。
5.    The author’s argument concerning the effect of the official sale of duplicate artifacts on illegal excavation is based on which of the following assumptions?
(A) Prospective purchasers would prefer to buy authenticated artifacts.
(B) The price of illegally excavated artifacts would rise.
(C) Computers could be used to trace sold artifacts.
(D) Illegal excavators would be forced to sell only duplicate artifacts.
(E) Money gained from selling authenticated artifacts could be used to investigate and prosecute illegal excavators.
假设题：
文中最后一句话说：有了专家编号的陶罐后，就没人会去买那些来历不明未编号的陶罐了。假设就是：这些人都跑去购买有专家编号的陶罐了。
6.    The author anticipates which of the following initial objections to the adoption of his proposal?
(A) Museum officials will become unwilling to store artifacts.
(B) An oversupply of salable artifacts will result and the demand for them will fall.
(C) Artifacts that would have been displayed in public places will be sold to private collectors.
(D) Illegal excavators will have an even larger supply of artifacts for resale.
(E) Counterfeiting of artifacts will become more commonplace.
细节题：
题目意思是说：作者预计以下哪个反对了他的方案？
在第三段第二句话提到：“Moreover, ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all to appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder. ”同意替换：all→public。这出现在让步之中，是反对作者观点的人提出的。
7.    The author implies that which of the following would occur if duplicate artifacts were sold on the open market?
I.    Illegal excavation would eventually cease completely.
II.    Cyprus would become the primary source of marketable duplicate artifacts.
III.    Archaeologists would be able to publish the results of their excavations more frequently than they currently do.
(A) I only
(B) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III
古罗马数字题：
我觉得就是细节题。没有什么好方法，只能挨个看。
I.看到completely应该谨慎，极端化的表达。最后一段第一句提到“It would be unrealistic to suggest that illegal digging would stop if artifacts were sold on the open market. ”非法挖掘停止的说法，是不现实的。故I不会发生。
II.文中没有提及。
III.第一段第三句提到“Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated.”很少的钱用来挖掘，更少的钱用来发表挖掘结果。若解决了第一个问题（poor）就会有钱挖掘，有钱发表结果，就发表得更多更频繁。

上面的总结不一定准确，只是我个人目前的看法，希望大家多多指正、批评，大家同是走上杀鸡之路的人，希望我们相互帮助，共同进步~~~

luckysss

楼主很厉害~~~顶下~~总结的很好~~~

huangyouhuifei

谢谢~~~但是还有很多不懂的~~~~

bejamin1111

Very good!

Blair__Lu

感谢分享！               

Catbeatsdog7

感谢分享！               

Nashe

加油