重问几个归纳题

joywzy

这两天,将做错的归纳题重做,发现还有不明白,请XDJM帮忙,(有些已经讨论过),还是有点糊涂,谢谢.

LSAT-5-II-4

4. A work of architecture, if it is to be both inviting and functional for public use, must be unobtrusive, taking second place to the total environment. Modern architects, plagued by egoism, have violated this precept. They have let their strong personalities take over their work, producing buildings that are not functional for public use.

Which one of the statements below follows logically from the statements in the passage?

(A) Unobtrusive architecture is both inviting and functional.

(B) Modern architects who let their strong personalities take over their work produce buildings that are not unobtrusive.

(C) An architect with a strong personality cannot produce buildings that functional well for the public.

(D) A work of architecture that takes second place to the environment functions well for public use.

(E) A work of architecture cannot simultaneously express its architect’s personality and be functional for public use.

答案:B

B.不知怎么来的

1)to be both inviting and functional for public use==> must be unobtrusive, taking second place to the total environment

不能得出:
not to be both inviting and functional for public use==> must be not unobtrusive, taking second place to the total environment

否命题不一定对,如果能对的话,是可以推出B的.

C为什么错?是不是原文说的是modern architure, 而C说的是architure?

这是cranberry原先的解释:
1，建筑的如果是为了居住的便利和功用，那么一定要不过分，把环境放在第一位，而现代的建筑不是，然后什么什么的。可见，不过分和遵从环境是作者认为的合乎便于居住和功用的表现。B是说现代建筑里那些让自我占据了核心的地位的建筑是过分的。

LSAT-2-II-6

6. As symbols of the freedom of the wilderness, bald eagles have the unique capacity to inspire people and foster in them a sympathetic attitude toward the needs of other threatened species. Clearly, without that sympathy and the political will it engenders, the needs of more obscure species will go unmet. The conservation needs of many obscure species can only be met by beginning with the conservation of this symbolic species, the bald eagle.

Which one of the following is the main point of the passage as a whole?

(A) Because bald eagles symbolize freedom, conservation efforts should be concentrated on them rather than on other, more obscure species.

(B) The conservation of bald eagles is the first necessary step in conserving other endangered species.

(C) Without increased public sympathy for conservation, the needs of many symbolic species will go unmet.

(D) People’s love of the wilderness can be used to engender political support for conservation efforts.

(E) Other threatened species do not inspire people or foster sympathy as much as do bald eagles.

答案:B,我选的是E,B有原文没有的the first,所以一下子就排除了,请问这种中心思想的题有什么好办法吗?有些题需要的是它潜在的意思解释.

LSAT-1-I-14
14. Either Perry’s faction or Tucker’s faction, but not both, will win control of the government. If Perry’s faction wins, the nation will suffer economically. If Tucker’s faction wins, the nation will suffer militarily.

Given the statements in the passage, which one of the following statements must be true?

(A) It is possible, but not certain, that the nation will neither suffer economically nor suffer militarily.

(B) If the nation suffers economically, it is certain that Perry’s faction has won control of the government.

(C) It is certain that the nation will suffer either economically or militarily, and also certain that it will not suffer both.

(D) If the nation suffers militarily, it is possible, but not certain, that Tucker’s faction has won control of the government.

(E) If the nation suffers both economically and militarily, it is certain that neither Perry’s faction nor Tucker’s has won control of the government.

答案,我能排除到A,B.,就是不明白C,E怎么排除的?

这是jacy原先的解释:
由原文，可得1。Perry’s faction wins——》the nation will suffer economically
2。Tucker’s faction wins——》the nation will suffer militarily
3。Either Perry’s faction or Tucker’s faction, but not both, will win control of the government可推出A错
B的逻辑关系为the nation will suffer economically——》Perry’s faction wins，无法从原文的出，所以错
同理。可推出其他。
D强调了it is possible, but not certain。所以正确。

LSAT-3-IV-5

5. Most parents who are generous are good parents, but some self-centered parents are also good parents. Yet all good parents share one characteristic; they are good listeners.

If all of the statements in the passage are true, which one of the following must also be true?

(A) All parents who are good listeners are good parents.

(B) Some parents who are good listeners are not good parent.

(C) Most parents who are good listeners are generous.

(D) Some parents who are good listeners are self-centered

(E) Fewer self-centered parents than generous parents are good listeners.

答案,我选了B,请问B为什么不对呢?

如果说这题说的是must be true,B可能对,也可能不对,那么D呢? D也是可能对,可能不对(如:一些好听众的家长是generous),B中,some 可以是一个,对啊.

所以我认为must be true 是一定对的,不好用啊.

这是mindfree的解释:

这类题目首先要把题目读清楚, 并将思路局限在题目中所给的关系内.

Must be true的题目一般可以正推出来, 因为如果一定对的话, 原文必须给出一个真命题, 还有一个方法就是举反例, 原文没有限制的都可能. 比如说最后一句:all good parents share one characteristic; they are good listeners. 这句话中的关系就是:只要是good parents--->good listeners. 其逆否为等价命题,可以得到:not good listeners-->not good parents.

这里可能正确也可能错的是:good listeners都是good parents;不是good parents-->not good listeners.  此二命题分别是逆命题和否命题, 即可能对也可能错. 因为原文没有对此二命题有限制, 两种情况都可能. 我建议在读题时不要考虑这些引申命题, 在读选项时要考虑.

A. 错, 逆命题, 可错, 如逆命题错, 不成立
B. 错, 逆命题, 可对, 如逆命题对, 不成立
C. 错, most错, 原文没有给出两者关系
E. 错, 原文没有给出两者关系

Some表示有一些, 可以是一个. most表示多数, 要大于50%. 读题是要注意原文所给的范围. 可以画图联系. 这类题我一般用排除和正推直接做.

谢谢.

albert

这道题目我是用排除法选出的B。但回过头仔细看，好象B也有问题。

1.  A must B  中 B是A的必要条件。
原文推理如下：
a. fctional for public use 的必要条件是unobtrusive, 即 fuctional use -->  unobtrusive
b, 如果个性取代了作品，就not fuctional for public use
not fuctinal use 推不出 unobtrusive

C 错在 An architect with a strong personality ,有个性没错。。只要个性不取代作品。

哪位明眼大虾指点？？

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-5-28 21:38:17编辑过]

albert

以下是引用joywzy在2003-5-28 15:29:00的发言：
LSAT-2-II-6

6. As symbols of the freedom of the wilderness, bald eagles have the unique capacity to inspire people and foster in them a sympathetic attitude toward the needs of other threatened species. Clearly, without that sympathy and the political will it engenders, the needs of more obscure species will go unmet. The conservation needs of many obscure species can only be met by beginning with the conservation of this symbolic species, the bald eagle.

Which one of the following is the main point of the passage as a whole?

(A) Because bald eagles symbolize freedom, conservation efforts should be concentrated on them rather than on other, more obscure species.

(B) The conservation of bald eagles is the first necessary step in conserving other endangered species.

(C) Without increased public sympathy for conservation, the needs of many symbolic species will go unmet.

(D) People’s love of the wilderness can be used to engender political support for conservation efforts.

(E) Other threatened species do not inspire people or foster sympathy as much as do bald eagles.

答案:B,我选的是E,B有原文没有的the first,所以一下子就排除了,请问这种中心思想的题有什么好办法吗?有些题需要的是它潜在的意思解释.

这类题其实我花的时间最少。。因为一般从第一句或者最后一句就可以得出中心句，然后得出作者想表达的主要观点。中间的内容一般都在argue OR reasoning.
比如这题,最后一句：
The conservation needs of many obscure species can only be met by beginning with the conservation of this symbolic species, the bald eagle.
就可以得出: begginning with和 B的 first step对应。 only和B的necessary对应。。
整个意思和B符合。

albert

3. 原文：
Perry’s faction wins——》the nation will suffer economically
Tucker’s faction wins——》the nation will suffer militarily

你从上面可以读出：
if perry wins, the nation will not suffer militarily吗？ 没有
if Tucker win , the nation will not suffer economicaly吗？ 没有

所以。。任何一个人win, 都可能让国家suffer both..
所以CE都是错的。。
我们做此类题经常出错，就是假入了很多自己的“想当然”

再比如，“差不多所有邮件地址对的邮件都能保证准时到达”这句话，我们潜意思很容易多了个不正确的推断"邮件地址错的邮件都不能保证准时到达"..

所以mindfree提倡的傻瓜原则比较好。。没说的你就当做不知道好了。。乱想那么多没好处

albert

原文提到good listener就最后一句话：
Yet all good parents share one characteristic; they are good listeners.
就 good parents ---> good listeners

B Some parents who are good listeners are not good parent.
原文不一定推得出。。你可以举一个极端例子：
假设good parents 全世界只有100人， good listener也只有一百人。。这个例子和原文不冲突，OK。 B就肯定是错的。。some可不一定对

but some self-centered parents are also good parents.
因为some>=1, 所以必定有self-centered 是good parents,
Yet all good parents share one characteristic; they are good listeners
必定有self-centered is good listener
所以D： 必定有good listener is self-centered

joywzy

以下是引用albert在2003-5-28 20:50:00的发言：

这类题其实我花的时间最少。。因为一般从第一句或者最后一句就可以得出中心句，然后得出作者想表达的主要观点。中间的内容一般都在argue OR reasoning.

我马上把你的方法实验了几道主要观点题,绝大多数非常好用.谢谢你.

但有些题不一定,比如:

11. Since no one returns from death, we can never be certain about what passes through the mind of the dying person. For the unconscious, the confused, and the heavily sedated, these final moments are probably meaningless. However, for the mentally alert, it is quite possible that death presents itself as an unbelievably glorious experience, a flight into an entirely new universe of sensation. Why should we think so? Some people who have been reprieved from “certain” death at the last moment have experienced what goes through the consciousness of those who are not so fortunate. For example, parachutists who have survived falls report experiences that resemble psychedelic “trips.”

The primary point of the argument in the passage is

(A) no one returns from death

(B) dying can be a glorious experience

(C) we can never know what passes through the mind of a dying person

(D) some people are reprieved from death at the last moment

(E) some people “die”, yet live to report their, experiences.

答案:B,

joywzy

B Some parents who are good listeners are not good parent.
原文不一定推得出。。你可以举一个极端例子：
假设good parents 全世界只有100人， good listener也只有一百人。。这个例子和原文不冲突，OK。 B就肯定是错的。。some可不一定对

完全赞成.

but some self-centered parents are also good parents.
因为some>=1, 所以必定有self-centered 是good parents,
Yet all good parents share one characteristic; they are good listeners
必定有self-centered is good listener----(1)
所以D： 必定有good listener is self-centered

你说错了吧,(1)与D是逆命题,不一定对啊.

albert

必定有self-centered is good listener----(1)
所以D： 必定有good listener is self-centered
你说错了吧,(1)与D是逆命题,不一定对啊.


sorry...我没说清楚。。应该是at least one self-centered is good listener
so  at least one listener is self-centered...