请提问吧,我尽量解答:几个题目的解答

taizei

could anyone please tell me where I can get the Og解释 of the CR? thanks.

cocoabean

Mindfree辛苦了! Many thanks. 我的问题好像前面的MM都问得差不多了.还有几个小问题.

1. Questions 138-139 are based on the following.

Roland: The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they

know someone who is unemployed.

Sharon: But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers

unemployed. So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will

very likely be unemployed.  

139. Sharon's argument relies on the assumption that

(A) normal levels of unemployment are rarely exceeded  (& 不是假设,does not make sense)

(B) unemployment is not normally concentrated in geographically isolated segments of the

Population    失业不会集中在某个地域上的人口

(C) the number of people who each know someone who is unemployed is always higher

than 90% of the population

(D) Roland is not consciously distorting the statistics he presents 对R的话没有联系

(E) knowledge that a personal acquaintance is unemployed generates more fear of losing

one's job than does knowledge of unemployment statistics

OG139.解释

Sharon’s argument assumes that people are generally similar in how likely they are to have

among their acquaintances people who are unemployed. Since heavy concentrations of

unemployment in geographically isolated segments of the population would produce great

differences in this respect, Sharon’s argument assumes few, if any, such concentrations.

Choice B is therefore the best answer.

Sharon的潜台词是不没有那么高?

^??If normal levels of unemployment were exceeded relatively frequently, and if Roland’s figure of 90 percent were an exaggeration, Sharon’s argument would be unaffected,?? so choices A and D are incorrect.

??ETS好像对A,D 取非,  ~D推出S是对的, 所以不是假设.

但对A取非无任何意义呀, 且反而推出S是错的呀, 不知道ETS是怎么想的.请指教!

Assumption is sth. that has to be true for the argument to hold. Do you think that the assumption is actually sth. that Sharon actually thought about? It is not necessary. Sharon might not think about it but it has to be true. A required condition. That's it.

184.

Codex Berinensis, a Florentine copy of an ancient Roman medical treatise, is undated but

contains clues to when it was produced. Its first eighty pages are by a single copyist, but the

remaining twenty pages are by three different copyists, which indicate some significant

disruption. Since a letter in handwriting identified as that of the fourth copyist mentions a

plague that killed many people in Florence in 1148, Codex Berinensis was probably produced

in that year.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis that codex Berinensis

was produced in 1148?

(A) Other than Codex Berinensis, there are no known samples of the handwriting of the first

three copyists.

(B) According to the account by the fourth copyists, the plague went on for ten months.

(C) A scribe would be able to copy a page of text the size and style of Codex Berinensis in a

day.  &

(D) There was only one outbreak of plague in Florence in the 1100’s.  

(E) The number of pages of Codex Berinnesis produced by a single scribe becomes smaller

with each successive change of copyist.

???  整个论述中, 没有迹象: 显示书里提到了plague, 且不能确定就是1148年, 为什么codex Berinensis

was produced in 1148?

是不是只能睁只眼, 闭只眼,容忍ETS这样的support?

Choice D is the best answer because if there had been other outbreaks of plague in the

relevant period, one of these, instead of the plague of 1148, might have disrupted the

manuscript’s production. This information therefore supports the hypothesis.

I think this question went too far. What the question suggests is that the first writer died during the plague and that is why there was such disruption that there had to be three more writers to finish the book. D points out that there was only one plague in 1100's that could have killed the first writer. Therefore, D supports the conclusion.

谢谢!mindfree

寂寞的自由

CXD的第PAGE48 No.30

30. Although the ratio of physicians to total population is about the same in the United States and Canada, the United States has 33 percent more surgeons per capita. Clearly, this is the reason people in the United States undergo 40 percent more operations per capita than do Canadians.

The explanation given above rrests on an assumption that

A)     patients in the United States do not have a greater need for surgery than do patients in Canada.

B)      The population of the United States is not larger than that of Canada

C)     United States patients sometimes travel to Canada for certain kinds of surgery

D)     General practitioners in the United States do not as a rule examine a patient who is a candidate for surgery before sending the patient to a surgeon

E)      There are no unnecessary surgical operations performed in Canada

这道题的正确答案是：A，可是，为什么B，C不对呢？这道题，自由比较晕，不知道怎么分析这个题目，谢谢大家提供一些比较好的假设题目的思路，结合这个题，最好把5个选项的对和错帮忙分析一下，谢谢大家的宝贵思路。感谢！

What is the question please?

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-5-19 6:57:00编辑过]

lindawen1

请问mainfree的解释在哪里？谢谢

lindading

mindfree 的这种解答方式真的很好，能解释道点子上， 有一种毛塞顿开的感觉。 如果能每隔一段时间就进行一次就好了。  Many thanks!

rice3434

谢谢总教头，不客气了：）

In the course of her researches, a historian recently
   found two documents mentioning the same person,
   Erich Schnitzler. One, dated May 3, 1739, is a
   record of Schnitzler’s arrest for peddling without a
   license. The second, undated, is a statement by
   Schnitzler asserting that he has been peddling off
   and on for 20 years.

   The facts above best support which of the following
   conclusions?
   (A) Schnitzler started peddling around 1719.
   (B) Schnitzler was arrested repeatedly for peddling.
   (C) The undated document was written before 1765.
   (D) The arrest record was written after the undated
       document.
   (E) The arrest record provides better evidence that
       Schnitzler peddled than does the undated
       document.
答案是c.怎么也看不出来这道题根1765有什么关系啊？1739年的是S的非法经商的拘捕记录。第二个没有日期的证据是S自己说的自己已经非法经商20年了。只能说明S至少是从1719年以前开始经商的。

.A company is considering changing its policy concern-
ing daily working hours. Currently, this company
requires all employees to arrive at work at 8 a.m. The
proposed policy would permit each employee to decide
when to arrive—from as early as 6 a.m. to as late as
11 a.m.

The adoption of this policy would be most likely to
decrease employees’ productivity if the employees’
job functions required them to
(A) work without interruption from other employees
(B) consult at least once a day with employees from
    other companies
(C) submit their work for a supervisor’s eventual
    approval
(D) interact frequently with each other throughout
    the entire workday
(E) undertake projects that take several days to
    complete

答案是d,我想问问a为什么错了。如果在一上午都有人在不同的时间来上班就会打扰别人阿。所以a也成立阿。

4. Most employees in the computer industry move
from company to company, changing jobs several
times in their careers. However, Summit Computers
is known throughout the industry for retaining its
employees. Summit credits its success in retaining
employees to its informal, nonhierarchical work
environment.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports
Summit's explanation of its success in retaining
employees?

(A) Some people employed in the computer indus-
try change jobs if they become bored with
their current projects
(B) A hierarchical work environment hinders the
cooperative exchange of ideas that computer
industry employees consider necessary for
their work.
(C) Many of Summit's senior employees had previ-
ously worked at only one other computer
company.
(D) In a nonhierarchical work environment, people
avoid behavior that might threaten group
harmony and thus avoid discussing with their
colleagues any dissatisfaction they might have
with their jobs.
(E) The cost of living near Summit is relatively low
compared to areas in which some other
computer companies are located.

答案是b。b说等级制度阻碍那些员工认为对工作有益的意见的交流。可是这根员工跳槽也没关系阿。
我选的是d,因为d说非等级制度避免了人们交流工作中的不满意，所以跳槽的自然就少了。

It is widely assumed that a museum is helped finan-
cially when a generous patron donates a potential
exhibit. In truth, however, donated objects require
storage space, which is not free, and routine conser-
vation, which is rather expensive. Therefore, such gifts
exacerbate rather than lighten the demands made on
a museum's financial resources.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A) To keep patrons well disposed, a museum will
find it advisable to put at least some donated
objects on exhibit rather than merely in storage.
(B) The people who are most likely to donate valu-
able objects to a museum are also the people
who are most likely to make cash gifts to it.
(C) A museum cannot save money by resorting to
cheap storage under less than adequate con-
ditions, because so doing would drive up the
cost of conservation.
(D) Patrons expect a museum to keep donated
objects in its possession rather than to raise
cash by selling them.
(E) Objects donated by a patron to a museum are
often of such importance that the museum
would be obliged to add them to its collec-
tion through purchase if necessary.

答案是e.是因为反正没人送博物馆自己也得买，虽然保存要花钱，但是赠送至少省了购买的钱。是这样理解么？ 我选的是a。理由是展览可以省出一部分保存需要花的钱。
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再次感谢了！！！！！

tyghbn

thanks in advance. well, since you've asked...

please take a look at this one and let us know your thought.

Mel: The official salary for judges has always been too low to attract the best Candidates to the job. The legislature’s move to raise the salary has done nothing to improve the situation, because it was coupled with a ban on receiving money for lectures and teaching engagements.

Pat:  No, the raise in salary really does improve the situation. Since very few judges teach or give lectures, the ban will have little or no negative effect.

Pat’s response to Mel is inadequate in that it

A. attempts to assess how a certain change will affect potential members of a group by providing evidence about its effect on the current members.
B. mistakenly takes the cause of a certain change to be an effect of that change.
C. attempts to argue that a certain change will have a positive effect merely
D.by pointing to the absence of negative effects simply denies Mel’s claim without putting forward any evidence in support of that denial
E. assumes that changes that benefit the most able members of a group necessarily benefit all members of that group.

paopao

mindfree, thank you very much. The following  is the post in CD. I think it is very helpful for us to distinguish the assumption and the trikies of ETS. But i can easily rule out A,B,D, i was still confused by choice C. Could you please use the question to detail the trickies of assumption . Thanks.

至尊宝在睡梦中呼唤着两个人的名字，被菩提老祖听见，醒来后，菩提老祖对至尊宝说，“你刚才在睡梦中呼唤着晶晶的名字20遍”，至尊宝差异地问“真的？”。“但是你叫紫霞这个名字765遍”，至尊宝，“啊”。“那个叫紫霞的一定欠你更多钱”

Which of following is an assumption on which the 菩提老祖's argument depends?
A. 晶晶没有欠至尊宝钱，但是紫霞欠了不少
B. 菩提老祖不偏向紫霞，因为她更漂亮
C. 至尊宝不是因为更喜欢紫霞，才在梦中叫她更多遍
D. 科学研究发现，在睡梦中叫人的名字，多是因为该人欠你的钱
E. 至尊宝从来不说梦话，除非有人欠他钱
F. 从脑细胞的结构可以推出，很少梦话的人在说梦话的时候一定是和别人欠他钱有关，而且钱的数量同proportion to名字的数量

discussion:

。。。即使原文加一个条件： 自尊保很少说梦话。。。F还不能当ASSUMPTION。。不过它和原文的条件一起构成了充分条件。。

理由如下： F说的是很少说梦话的人一定。。。。。 即使F不成立。。也就是不是所有少说梦话的人都这样。。。但是只要周星星是： 说梦话的时候一定是因为别人欠他钱。。。结论依然成立。。。

即使原文加一个条件： 自尊保很少说梦话。。。
F的范围也太广，根本无法构成必要条件。。。

我觉得F非常TRICKY，因为它加上一个条件： 自尊保很少说梦话。。。
和原文的条件就可以构成结论的充分条件。。。但不是必要条件。
但是如果改为： 自尊饱说梦话叫人名字的时候一定欠钱，且欠的钱和叫的名字成比例。。。则构成了必要条件，且和原文信息构成充分条件。。

If we make the choice negative, that is 他从来都说梦话， 除非别人欠他钱（别人欠钱，他就不说梦话了）， we loose the conclusion totally, rather than "we can still hold the conclusion..." 。

If we get the information that "至尊宝himself is one of the 很少梦话的人",  I can agree with your opinion that "F is a sufficient condition" . But which sentence implies such information? If  至尊宝 is not 很少梦话的人, chioce F will be unsufficient.

C. 至尊宝不是因为更喜欢紫霞，才在梦中叫她更多遍.
Chioce C rules out another possibility of the reason that 至尊宝在梦中叫紫霞更多遍, but it does not rules out all other possible reasons, such as that 至尊宝更 hates 紫霞 rather than 紫霞的一定欠更多钱 .  The point is, even though chioce C is true, we still cannot properly get any relativity between the conclusion and the two evidences, or we still don't know the relationship between 欠钱 and 梦话. Chioce C, however, supports the conclution somewhat, and if we are looking for the supporting answer, it is the right one

C如果改为：没有其它因素使至尊宝在梦中叫紫霞更多遍，就是假设

bon

Mindfree的解释就是强！

tyghbn

where is him??