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意义一致原则: 不论主语的形式是单数还是复数,其意义决定了谓语动词的单复数. 1. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词(means方法 手段,species种类,series系列, sheep,deer,fish等),其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。 例句: Sheep feed mainly on grass.羊以食草为主 Every means has been tried. All means are unpleasant.所有的方法都不太令人满意. 2. 由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时,其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。 例句:What I want to say is just “Take care!”我只想说:“多保重!” 3. 表示不定数量的词all, none, any,some, the rest, most, half等作主语时, 应根据具体表达的意思来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。 例句:All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.我对这家公司的了解都是昨天他告诉我的。 All is right. 一切顺利。 All are present. 人都到齐了。 The rest of her life was unhappy. The rest of the places are easy to get to.其余的地方并不难到达. 4. “分数或百分数+ (of) +名词”及a lot of, lots of, plenty of, part of+名词构成的短语作主语时, 其谓语动词与短语of后面的名词保持一致。 例句:80% of cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已经被送往美国。 Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。 5. 词组“a number of, a great/good many, a group of +可数名词复数”的结构作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;但如果冠词a变为the,则谓语动词用单数。 例句: A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war. The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。 6. 英语的集体名词(committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union, army, audience, band, staff, enemy, government 等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。 例句:My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候,我家很穷。 My family are all looking forward for your coming. 我的家人都在期待着你的到来。 Note: 表示总称的名词police, people, clothes, cattle(牛), folk(s)(= people),poultry(家禽)等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 7.“the+形容词(或分词)”表示“一类人”作主语时,谓语动词用复数;表示“一种抽象概念或品质”时用单数动词。 例如: The poor were not able to buy it.穷人买不起。 The beautiful is not always the useful. 好看的不一定实用。 |
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