prep1 essay12 不懂问题 +自己的一点看法

kunming

这篇文章读下来感觉构架巨不清楚，非常乱，题目也做得不好，一并将见解和问题帖上来，请NN指教！
The professionalization of the study of history in the second half of the nineteenth century, including history's transformation from a literary genre to a scientific discipline, had important consequences not only for historians' perceptions of women but also for women as historians.  The disappearance of women as objects of historical studies during this period has elements of irony to it.  On the one hand, in writing about women, earlier historians had relied not on firsthand sources but rather on secondary sources; the shift to more rigorous research methods required that secondary sources be disregarded.  On the other hand, the development of archival research and the critical editing of collections of documents began to reveal significant new historical evidence concerning women, yet this evidence was perceived as substantially irrelevant:  historians saw political history as the general framework for historical writing.  Because women were seen as belonging to the private rather than to the public sphere, the discovery of documents about them, or by them, did not, by itself, produce history acknowledging the contributions of women. In addition, genres such as biography and memoir, those forms of "particular history" that women had traditionally authored, fell into disrepute.  The dividing line between "particular history" and general history was redefined in stronger terms, widening the gulf between amateur and professional practices of historical research.

Question #40.  270-01    (23122-!-item-!-188;#058&000270-01)

The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) describing some effects of the professionalization of the study of history on the writing of women's history
(B) explaining some reasons for the professionalization of the writing of history 是写女性，不是写历史
(C) discussing the kinds of historical writing traditionally practiced by women  不是woman写的
(D) contrasting the approach to the writing of history taken by women with the approach taken by men 没有比较
(E) criticizing certain changes that occurred in the writing of history during the second half of the nineteenth century 好像是因为态度不是负

Question #41.  270-02    (23168-!-item-!-188;#058&000270-02)

Which of the following best describes one of the "elements of irony" referred to in the highlighted text?
这题感觉还是明显的，对应文中的两个方面
(A) Although the more scientific-minded historians of the second half of the nineteenth century considered women appropriate subjects for historical writing, earlier historians did not.
(B) Although archival research uncovered documentary evidence of women's role in history, historians continued to rely on secondary sources for information about women.
(C) Although historians were primarily concerned with writing about the public sphere, they generally relegated women to the private sphere.
(D) The scientific approach to history revealed more information about women, but that information was ignored.
(E) The professionalization of history, while marginalizing much of women's writing about history, enhanced the importance of women as historical subjects.

Question #42.  270-05    (23214-!-item-!-188;#058&000270-05)

According to the passage, the development of archival research and the critical editing of collections of documents had which of the following effects?
这题totally不懂，为啥子就出了D
(A) Historians increasingly acknowledged women's contributions to history.
(B) Historians began to debate whether secondary sources could provide reliable information.
(C) Historians began to apply less rigorous scientific research criteria to the study of women's history.
(D) More evidence concerning women became available to historical researchers.
(E) Women began to study history as professional historians.

vengaleo

本人愚钝，虽然三道题都做对了，但是用了很长时间，现在尝试分析一下本文的结构：

The professionalization of thestudy of history in the second half of the nineteenth century, includinghistory's transformation from a literary genre to a scientific discipline, hadimportant consequences not only for historians' perceptions of women but alsofor women as historians. 该句是全文的大背景 Thedisappearance of women as objects of historical studies during this period has elements of irony toit. 该句是作者的论点，后面是作者的论据，总共有三个。On the one hand, in writing aboutwomen, earlier historians had relied not on firsthand sources but rather onsecondary sources; the shift to more rigorous research methods required thatsecondary sources be disregarded. On theother hand, the development of archival research and the critical editing ofcollections of documents began to reveal significant new historical evidenceconcerning women, yet this evidence was perceived as substantiallyirrelevant:  historians saw politicalhistory as the general framework for historical writing.  Because women were seen as belonging to theprivate rather than to the public sphere, the discovery of documents aboutthem, or by them, did not, by itself, produce history acknowledging thecontributions of women. In addition, genres such as biography and memoir, thoseforms of "particular history" that women had traditionally authored,fell into disrepute.  The dividing linebetween "particular history" and general history was redefined instronger terms, widening the gulf between amateur and professional practices ofhistorical research.

研究对象： professionalization of the study of history与 historians' perceptions of women but also for women as historians之间的关系。
作者的观点：the disappearance of women as objects of historical studies对于historical studies本身而言颇有讽刺意义。所以it应该是指historical studies 。
那么，为什么irony呢？
首先：原先历史学家依据二手资料研究女性，但是现在这些二手数据被认为不严谨，所以以前的研究不作数了。
其次：档案研究和critical editing倒是蓬勃发展，也取得了一些关于女性的历史证据，但是这些证据也被认为无效：因为历史学家认为历史研究应该是以政治史为框架，但是女性被认为是属于private的范畴而不是public的范畴，所以这些资料对于人们对女性在历史上的贡献的认知不起作用。
再次：女性，写自传或者回忆录的那些女性，本来可以被认为是历史学家，但是现在却不被承认了。他们只是被认为是历史研究的业余从业者，而不是专业从业者。
由此来看问题比较多的41和42题：

Question #41.  270-02  (23168-!-item-!-188;#058&000270-02)

Which of the following bestdescribes one of（注意这个词） the "elements of irony" referred to in thehighlighted text?

(A) Although the morescientific-minded historians of the second half of the nineteenth centuryconsidered women appropriate subjects for historical writing, earlierhistorians did not.与原文不符

(B) Although archival researchuncovered documentary evidence of women's role in history, historians continuedto rely on secondary sources for information about women.与原文不符

(C) Although historians wereprimarily concerned with writing about the public sphere, they generallyrelegated women to the private sphere.该选项只是第二个讽刺形成的原因，而不是讽刺本身

(D) The scientific approach to history revealed more information aboutwomen, but that information was ignored.这正是第二个讽刺

(E) The professionalization ofhistory, while marginalizing much of women's writing about history, enhancedthe importance of women as historical subjects.与原文不符

Question #42.  270-05  (23214-!-item-!-188;#058&000270-05)

According to the passage, thedevelopment of archival research and the critical editing of collections ofdocuments had which of the following effects?

该题定位到第二个讽刺。

(A) Historians increasinglyacknowledged women's contributions to history.原文提到：did not, by itself, produce history acknowledging the contributions of women.，所以不符

(B) Historians began to debatewhether secondary sources could provide reliable information.原文未提到debate，而且这是第一个讽刺，与第二个讽刺无关

(C) Historians began to apply lessrigorous scientific research criteria与原文不符 to the study of women's history.

(D) More evidence concerning women became available to historicalresearchers.

(E) Women began to study history asprofessional historians.第三个讽刺提到women被排除出professional的行列，与原文不符。

cappuccino202

42题定位：On the other hand, the development of archival research and the critical editing of collections of documents began to reveal significant new historical evidence concerning women

lxskyfly

顶上来同求解答。
文中语意看不出来是history研究职业化之后反而会ignore信息。。求指点

wlc思语

这道题看的晕死了！！！马上就考了！！谁来拯救我的阅读！！！