从gmat到托福~写给阅读新手迷茫的人！

edwardelric

以我的观点，gmat阅读考机经的人，他们到了托福由于基础不好，会很难过，并不是我们常规说的那样，考完gmat了托福就easy了，至少阅读，很多人发现连阅读都不行，接下来分享点我的经验。
1，无逻辑简图,因为托福总体上来说主旨题很少，主要是细节
先看一下这个阅读
Europe's Early Sea Trade with Asia

◆ In the fourteenth century, a number of political developments cut Europe's overland trade routes to southern and eastern Asia, with which Europe had had important and highly profitable commercial ties since the twelfth century. This development, coming as it did when the bottom had fallen out of the European economy, provided an impetus to a long-held desire to secure direct relations with the East by establishing a sea trade. Widely reported, if somewhat distrusted, accounts by figures like the famous traveler from Venice. Marco Polo, of the willingness of people in China to trade with Europeans and of the immensity of the wealth to be gained by such contact made the idea irresistible Possibilities for trade seemed promising, but no hope existed for maintaining the traditional routes over land A new way had to be found.

The chief problem was technological: How were the Europeans to reach the East? Europe's maritime tradition had developed in the context of easily navigable seas—the Mediterranean, the Baltic, and. to a lesser extent, the North Sea between England and the Continent—not of vast oceans. New types of ships were needed, new methods of finding one's way, new techniques for financing so vast a scheme. The sheer scale of the investment it took to begin commercial expansion at sea reflects the immensity of the profits that such East-West trade could create Spices were the most sought-after commodities. Spices not only dramatically improved the taste of the European diet but also were used to manufacture perfumes and certain medicines. But even high-priced commodities like spices had to be transported in large bulk in order to justify the expense and trouble of sailing around the African continent all the way to India and China.

The principal seagoing ship used throughout the Middle Ages was the galley, a long, low ship fitted with sails but driven primarily by oars. The largest galleys had as many as 50 oarsmen Since they had relatively shallow hulls, they were unstable when driven by sail or when on rough water: hence they were unsuitable for the voyage to the East. Even if they hugged the African coastline, they had little chance of surviving a crossing of the Indian Ocean Shortly after 1400. Shipbuilders began developing a new type of vessel properly designed to operate in rough, open water: the caravel. It had a wider and deeper hull than the galley and hence could carry more cargo: increased stability made it possible to add multiple masts and sails. In the largest caravels, two main masts held large square sails that provided the bulk of the thrust driving the ship forward, while a smaller forward mast held a triangular-shaped sail, called a lateen sail, which could be moved into a variety of positions to maneuver the ship.

The astrolabe had long been the primary instrument for navigation, having been introduced in the eleventh century. It operated by measuring the height of the Sun and the fixed stars: by calculating the angles created by these points, it determined the degree of latitude at which one stood (The problem of determining longitude, though, was not solved until the eighteenth century.) By the early thirteenth century. Western Europeans had also developed and put into use the magnetic compass, which helped when clouds obliterated both the Sun and the stars. Also beginning in the thirteenth century, there were new maps refined by precise calculations and the reports of sailors that made it possible to trace one's path with reasonable accuracy. Certain institutional and practical norms had become established as well. A maritime code known as the Consulate of the Sea. which originated in the western Mediterranean region in the fourteenth century, won acceptance by a majority of sea goers as the normative code for maritime conduct; it defined such matters as the authority of a ship's officers, protocols of command, pay structures, the rights of sailors, and the rules of engagement when ships met one another on the sea-lanes. Thus by about 1400 the key elements were in place to enable Europe to begin its seaward adventure.
这个是tpo17的第一篇阅读，我来帮大家提供一下思路
1.词汇题目
我认为词汇是硬性的就是要有基础+有推测，技巧方面真没啥
2.细节定位，这个是托福最常见的了，如何找，托福于雅思阅读相比最好的就是，机考帮助你缩小了范围，直接切中要害段落，剩下的就是长难句子分析了！
第二题问你的就是为什么欧洲的商人一定要开辟一条新路到达east？
我们怎么找呢找到了这样一句话
程度1，没有看到任何相关的话！（要加油联系基本功，多联系长难句子分析）
程度2，In the fourteenth century, a number of political developments cut Europe's overland trade routes to southern and eastern Asia, with which Europe had had important and highly profitable commercial ties since the twelfth century. This development, coming as it did when the bottom had fallen out of the European economy, provided an impetus to a long-held desire to secure direct relations with the East by establishing a sea trade.
就在这里但是看不出来蹊跷
程度3，This development provided an impetus to a long-held desire to secure direct relations with the East by establishing a sea trade.
就是这样，this development是指什么呢，就是political development cut the trade route.
说了这么多我感觉有点没用，关键的关键就是同意词语的转换，还有长难句子分析！
3.根据第二段，问的是欧洲的商团需要克服什么样的困难为了找到一个新方式与东方交易
The chief problem was technological: How were the Europeans to reach the East? Europe's maritime tradition had developed in the context of easily navigable seas—the Mediterranean, the Baltic, and. to a lesser extent, the North Sea between England and the Continent—not of vast oceans. New types of ships were needed, new methods of finding one's way, new techniques for financing so vast a scheme.
整个的这个段落都是在说欧洲的商人怎么到达东部（跨越大海，而传统的方式只是小海）
答案分明显的出来了
正确答案的原句是，Europeans are lack of means of navigating long distances across the ocean
5.词汇题目，推测加基础，只能这么解释了

6. it can be inferred from paragraph 2 that spicy from asian were desirable in European in the middle age because they
A.were easily in large quantities
B.could be produced in European countries.
c.could be trade for products such as perfumes and medicines
d.were expected to increase value over time
细看细节的我们没找到精准的对应点。但是有可能一打眼，很容易选择c，我相信，但是你要是细看的话，就不通了，看
Spices not only dramatically improved the taste of the European diet but also were used to manufacture perfumes and certain medicines.
trade与manufacture毕竟还是有很大的区别的，infer的题目跟gmat，还是有一些区别的，你在原文中找对应点还是找不到，但是通读全段加上问题对比，只有b最靠谱了。
我之所以打出来英文是为了强调一下，原文中出现的特殊例子，在题目中出现的大部分是干扰选项，不要盲目选择哦，排除法结合原文也要注意应用，在托福考试中这样的方法还是很好用的。
第七题目：caravel与galley 原文都说了，除了以下那个没说
正确答案：the caravel had fewer masts than the galley
It had a wider and deeper hull than the galley and hence could carry more cargo: increased stability made it possible to add multiple masts and sails
做出来很简单，但是我想说的这样的expect题目，我们通常会看见一个句子列出多点，只要简单的对比就好了！
剩下的题目大致都是跟我以上讲的一些点，好像有些重复，像说话是什么什么样的话是为了什么，就是根据段首去分析文章的中心思想！然后像汉语的思维就可推测！
有一种类型的题目是插入题目，插入到哪个点上使文章更通畅，要是gmat逻辑有点路子的话，我相信不是很难，也不是特别男
最后的题目，有人认为我们可能需要通读原文，实际上，就是造谣，添油加醋的全部去掉，基本上就是正确答案了，找错误选项，加上很基本的理解，就可以正确的做对了。呵呵
不知道我这样的帖子能帮助大家不，要是有错误的还希望指正，祝大家一切顺利成功！

SMcollapse

LZ真是好心人啊，先顶一个再说。。。。

我觉得T还有一点就是不能花大量时间在阅读上，直接根据题目找答案，可是做G已经习惯阅读全文...硬伤啊...

而且我就是个特例。。。
G的逻辑挺好的，但是T的插入题错特别多....没救了....

哎/...还有4天考试了...祈祷。。。。。

Ckybe

ls 我也是926~~~~~加油~！！

islandy

受用了~Thanks

backbone4ever

LZ真是好心人啊，先顶一个再说。。。。

我觉得T还有一点就是不能花大量时间在阅读上，直接根据题目找答案，可是做G已经习惯阅读全文...硬伤啊...

而且我就是个特例。。。
G的逻辑挺好的，但是T的插入题错特别多....没救了....

哎/...还有4天考试了...祈祷。。。。。