求解og

ken178

When people evade income taxes by not declaring taxable income, a vicious cycle results.  Tax evasion forces lawmakers to raise income tax rates, which causes the tax burden on nonevading taxpayers to become heavier.  This, in turn, encourages even more taxpayers to evade income taxes by hiding taxable income.

The vicious cycle described above could not result unless which of the following were true?


(A) An increase in tax rates tends to function as an incentive for taxpayers to try to increase their pretax incomes.
(E) Taxpayers do not differ from each other with respect to the rate of taxation that will cause them to evade taxes.


这两项能解释一下为什么能够阻止文章说的cycle发生吗？特别是E选项十分不明白。

还有一题
1.     A milepost on the towpath read “21” on the side facing the hiker as she approached it and “23” on its back. She reasoned that the next milepost forward on the path would indicate that she was halfway between one end of the path and the other. However, the milepost one mile further on read “20” facing her and “24” behind.Which of the following, if true, would explain the discrepancy described above?
(A) The numbers on the next milepost had been reversed.
(B) The numbers on the mileposts indicate kilometers, not miles.
(C) The facing numbers indicate miles to the end of the path, not miles from the beginning.
(D) A milepost was missing between the two the hiker encountered.
(E) The mileposts had originally been put in place for the use of mountain bikers, not for hikers.

能解释这题吗？网上都没有人问，看来是很容易，但是我还是不那么明白。哎，下个月考试了。

messer

(A) An increase in tax rates tends to function as an incentive for taxpayers to try to increase their pretax incomes.
如果增加税收产生的结果是大家更加努力的赚钱，使得税前收入更高，收入更高税就够了，能够达到平衡，满足需要的税，这个cycle就不会发生了
(E) Taxpayers do not differ from each other with respect to the rate of taxation that will cause them to evade taxes.
大家对于税率的看法都相同，就是说要么全部都会偷税，要么全部不偷税，全部偷税的话你增加税率也没用——这里的偷税是指一点税都不交，所以不存在单个人偷税个人的一部分的情况，就是0或1（题目中evade taxes by not declareing taxable income），不偷税的话，问题就不存在了。


1.     A milepost on the towpath read “21” on the side facing the hiker as she approached it and “23” on its back. She reasoned that the next milepost forward on the path would indicate that she was halfway between one end of the path and the other. However, the milepost one mile further on read “20” facing her and “24” behind.Which of the following, if true, would explain the discrepancy described above?
(A) The numbers on the next milepost had been reversed.
(B) The numbers on the mileposts indicate kilometers, not miles.
(C) The facing numbers indicate miles to the end of the path, not miles from the beginning.
(D) A milepost was missing between the two the hiker encountered.
(E) The mileposts had originally been put in place for the use of mountain bikers, not for hikers.

这个题我开始也做错了，他是指21在前面23在背面，然后20在前面24在背面，这个背面而不是后面，40-39---------22-21-20-19-----2-1  比如前面这个指代前面的数字 那么你就是从40那里开始往1这个方向走， 这个21 20 都是指到1的距离，反过来背面的意识也一样。

ak007

求解
She reasoned that the next milepost forward on the path would indicate that she was halfway between one end of the path and the other.

这句话的翻译~~~~~