求教两道og 12的问题

medusasally

Physician: The hormone melatonin has shown promise as a medication for sleep disorders when taken in synthesized form. Because the long-term side effects of synthetic melatonin are unknown, however, I cannot recommend its use at this time.
Patient: Your position is inconsistent with your usual practice. You prescribe many medications that you know have serious side effects, so concern about side effects cannot be the real reason you will not prescribe melatonin.
The patient's argument is flawed because it fails to consider that

(A)    the side effects of synthetic melatonin might be different from those of naturally produced melatonin
(B)    it is possible that the physician does not believe that melatonin has been conclusively shown to be effective
(0   sleep disorders, if left untreated, might lead to serious medical complications

(D)    the side effects of a medication can take some time to manifest themselves
(E)    known risks can be weighed against known benefits, but unknown risks cannot

答案选e, 想问一下问什么不能选b, 这是og的b的解释，感觉好像是觉得选b也是可以的
B    It is quite reasonable for the patient's argument not to mention this possibility, especially since the
physician expresses a belief that synthetic melatonin may be effective—but expresses no belief
about whether or not it has been conclusively shown to be effective.

medusasally

22.   Plan: Concerned about the welfare of its senior citizens, the government of Runagia decided two years ago to increase by 20 percent the government-provided pension paid to all Runagians age sixty-five and older.
Result: Many Runagian senior citizens are no better off financially now than they were before the increase.

Further information: The annual rate of inflation since the pension increase has been below 5 percent, and the increased pension has been duly received by all eligible Runagians.

In light of the further information, which of the following, if true, does most to explain the result that followed implementation of the plan?

(A)    The majority of senior citizens whose financial position has not improved rely entirely on the government pension for their income.
(B)    The Runagian banking system is so inefficient that cashing a pension check can take as much as three weeks.
(C)    The prices of goods and services that meet the special needs of many senior citizens have increased at a rate much higher than the rate of inflation.
(D)    The pension increase occurred at a time when the number of Runagians age sixty-five and older who were living below the poverty level was at an all-time high.
(E)    The most recent pension increase was only the second such increase in the last ten years.

答案是c, 但是为什么不能选d, 可不可以向题干中的pension 增加20%理解为总的增加了20%，然后d说人数增加了，所以平均没增加~

月落乌啼

22题我觉得D说的不是人数增加了，而是当时人数很多（历史最高值）。而且pension提高20%应该也是每人的，而不是总的。

前面一题的话，假如病人考虑到医师并不确定该药是否有效（B选项），则不正是说明因为副作用而不开该药不是真正原因，这样patient's argument 就成对的了。