太混乱了，GWD29-Q4, 希望NN们帮帮忙，小弟明天就考了

bonnie0715

我还是觉得B。题目问的就是在research K之前的结论么。The passage indicates that Robertson’s research in Kenya caused her to change her mind regarding which of the following?    。regarding which...是修饰mind的啊。
而R的mind就是第一段第一句啊。“In a 1984 book, Claire C, Robertson argued that, before colonialism, age was a more important indicator of status and authority than gender in Ghana and in Africa generally.”。把这句话改成评判的形式不就是wether.... in africa generally啊。

bonnie0715

啊。。我想通了。

原文：“ In a 1984 book, Claire C, Robertson argued that, before colonialism, age was a more important indicator of status and authority than gender in Ghana and in Africa generally. British colonialism.....”
B.    Whether gender was the primary determinant of social authority in Africa generally before colonialism
C.    Whether it was only after colonialism that gender became a significant determinant of authority in Kenyan society

原文中R原来的感想是年龄比性别更重要，（注意这里age was a more important indicator of status and authority than gender ）。把whether去掉变成R可能的假象
B 非洲在被殖民前性别不是一个主要因素
D K只有在被殖民后性别才成为最主要因素
她原来的假想是年龄使最主要的因素，但并没有说性别不是主要因素，关键在于一个比较。她想要获得的结论是哪一个是最主要，而不是哪一个是主要因素。

好纠结的题目啊

nceeterminator

太同情lz了，最后考试了还没有个结果。。。我也是错了这道题，说说我的理解：

根据第一段，R在做研究之前认为在非洲年龄是比性别更重要的因素。但是在殖民后，英国人引进了自己的重男轻女的体制，使得性别成了defining characteristic (Line 14)。

第二段是说R认识到自己“overgeneralize”了，因为殖民前性别就已经是重要的因素了。

所以C说“是否在殖民后性别开始变得重要”是对的。

zoemiaoer

这个题目我突然明白了，文章第二段一开始说Before colonialism, gender was more salient in central Kenya than it was in Ghana, although age was still crucial in determining authority.注意although后面的内容，然后断尾的地方文章写到 However, since age apparently remained the overriding principle of social organization in central Kenya, some senior women had much authority. Thus, Robertson revised her hypothesis somewhat, arguing that in determining authority in precolonial Africa age was a primary principle that superseded gender to varying degrees depending on the situation.

zoemiaoer

特别是那个although后面的内容说明其实age还是很重要的 ，只是在后期gender变得更重要了

GMAT保佑我

一开始也选了B，，

后来仔细看，发现问题的是 什么 使Robertson’s research in Kenya 改变了Robertson的看法，

因为原文说Robertson发现自己太overgenerlize，文章最后又说..Africa age was a primary principle that superseded gender to varying degrees depending on the situation.  所以可以认为在kenya的research让R改变了看法，发现Africa的情况是varies的，，，所以选C，，，，

不知道自己解释清楚了没，，，

C擦亮眼

要是有疑惑 也是A有呀~~  刚开始作者想AGE 主导地位，后来改变了，因为在K这个地方情况不是这样的。我刚开始选的是A。 后来看答案 还是觉得C好， 更加符合文章。因为就像楼上说的，强调一个（Africa的情况是varies）在K这个AGE可能很有影响，但是已经出现了gender的影响，所以作者改变了自己的观点不是仅仅在colonial之后gender才成为..( only after colonialism that gender became a significant determinant of authority in Kenyan society)

啊 我还是有点绕~~等我再看看文章  再来说说这个问题

特强薄荷

仔细看过之后，确实是选C。
C.Whether it was only after colonialism that gender became a significant determinant of authority in Kenyan society
第一段说殖民以前，在G和A年龄比性别重要。英国殖民以后，性别成了主导。第二段开头，研究K后R觉得自己对A的描述过于笼统。在殖民以前，尽管年龄很重要，但是性别也是主要的因素。然后第二段整个描述K的情况，最后推出修正观点。问题就是问是什么导致R的观点改变，应该是对K的研究。

gedn01

粗略翻译了一下
1984出版的一部书中Robertson讲到,殖民主义以前, 加纳和广大非洲国家里,年龄跟性别相比更能代表人的社会地位和权力. 英国殖民主义者将有欧洲风格的男人至上思想强加于原本比英国更注重男女平等的殖民地,使女性因为性别原因降低了原来的社会地位和权力.

在Kenya接下来的研究使Robertson觉得她的观点有点过.虽然年龄还是关键的决定人社会地位的和权力的标志,但变成殖民地以前,性别在Kenya比在Ghana还更受重视.在Ghana,他们的妇女做了上百年的贸易并提升了法律地位,但Kenya的妇女却是法律上的弱势群体,她们跟同时期的欧洲妇女一样被视为男人的财产. 诸如,婚后生活在男方家里,儿子世袭,物权相对少并且很少做生意的原因,使得妇女更加依靠男人.这种情况kenya比ghana要多得多.然而,由于年龄因素还是衡量 人 在kenya社会地位重要原则,一些女性还是获得了很多权力的.因为Robertson一定程度地修改了她的学说:殖民地前的非洲年龄比性别更能决定权力)

6. GWD29-Q3:
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A.present evidence undermining a certain hypothesis
B.describe a particular position and its subsequent modification
C.discuss two contrasting viewpoints regarding a particular issue
D.describe how a social phenomenon varied by region
E.evaluate an assumption widely held by scholars
B很对第一段说内容,第二段头一句说观点太过,…讲讲为什么…于是修改…
7. GWD29-Q4:
The passage indicates that Robertson’s research in Kenya caused her to change her mind regarding which of the following?    
A.    Whether age was the prevailing principle of social organization in Kenya before colonialism
B.    Whether gender was the primary determinant of social authority in Africa generally before colonialism(文章主要还是讲肯尼亚的事情,加纳的事也只是作作陪衬)
C.Whether it was only after colonialism that gender became a significant determinant of authority in Kenyan society(是否变成殖民地后才让gender变成非常重要的权力决定因素? 文章中要说明的是age作为重要的因素一直没变. 原文: However, since age apparently remained the overriding rinciple of social organization in central Kenya, some senior women had much authority.)
D.Whether age was a crucial factor determining authority in Africa after colonialism(只是部分地说明,在age前加个still就好了)
E.Whether British colonialism imposed European-style male-dominant notions upon local situations in Ghana
8. GWD29-Q5:
The passage suggests that after conducting the research mentioned in line 18, but not before, Robertson would have agreed with which of the following about women’s status and authority in Ghana?
A.    Greater land rights and greater involvement in trade made women in precolonial Ghana less dependent on men than were European women at that time.(没有讲到加纳国家妇女因为Greater land rights而less dependent)
B.Colonialism had a greater impact on the status and authority of Ghanaian women than on Kenyan women.(kenya妇女因为age才获得了一点社会权力, ghana比kenya妇女好多了)
C.Colonialism had less of an impact on the status and authority of Ghanaian women that it had on the status and authority of other African women.( other African women!=kenya)
D.The relative independence of Ghanaian women prior to colonialism was unique in Africa.(不一定unique)
E.Before colonialism, the status and authority of Ghanaian women was similar to that of Kenyan women.(没提similar)
9. GWD29-Q6:
The author of the passage mentions the status of age as a principle of social organization in precolonial central Kenya in lines 24-26 most likely in order to
A.indicate that women’s dependence on men in precolonial Kenya was not absolute
B.contrast the situation of senior women to that of less senior women in precolonial Kenyan society
C.differentiate between the status and authority of precolonial Kenyan women and that of precolonial Ghanaian women
D.explain why age superseded gender to a greater extent in precolonial Kenya than it did elsewhere in Africa
E.identify a factor that led Robertson to revise her hypothesis about precolonial Africa(非常明显了,作者就是没有太多考虑age的问题)

其中可能有错别字,见谅

lemonsong

In a 1984 book, Claire C, Robertson argued that, before colonialism, age was a more important indicator of status and authority than gender in Ghana and in Africa generally. British colonialism imposed European- style male dominant notions upon more egalitarian local situations to the detriment of women generally, and gender became a defining characteristic that weakened women’s power and authority.
Subsequent research in Kenya convinced Robertson that she had overgeneralized about Africa. Before colonialism, gender was more salient in central Kenya than it was in Ghana, although age was still crucial in determining authority. In contrast with Ghana, where women had traded for hundreds of years and achieved legal majority (not unrelated phenomena), the evidence regarding central Kenya indicated that women were legal minors and were sometimes treated as male property, as were European women at that time. Factors like strong patrilinearity and patrilocality, as well as women’s inferior land rights and lesser involvement in trade, made women more dependent on men than was generally the case in Ghana. However, since age apparently remained the overriding principle of social organization in central Kenya, some senior women had much authority. Thus, Robertson revised her hypothesis somewhat, arguing that in determining authority in precolonial Africa age was a primary principle that superseded genderto varying degreesdepending on the situation.

7. GWD29-Q4:
The passage indicates that Robertson’s research in Kenya caused her to change her mind regarding which of the following?
A. Whether age was theprevailing principle of social organization in Kenya before colonialism
B. Whether gender was the primary determinant of social authority in Africa generally before colonialism
C. Whether it was only after colonialism that gender became a significant determinant of authority in Kenyan society
D. Whether age was a crucial factor determining authority in Africa after colonialism
E. Whether British colonialism imposed European-style male-dominant notions upon local situations in Ghana

这道题问的是： 过去的观点( before colonialism, age was a more important indicator of status and authority than gender in Ghana and in Africa generally. )-->Kenya research--？-->change her mind(in determining authority in precolonial Africa age was a primary principle that superseded genderto varying degreesdepending on the situation.)

把ABC的回答分别放进去：
age比gender重要+A：before colonialism，age在Kenya是prevailing determinant。不能推出age在不同程度上比gender重要
age比gender重要+B：before colonialism，gender在Africa不是primary determinant。不能推出age在不同程度上比gender重要
age比gender重要+C：并不是只有在after colonialism，gender在Kenya才成为significant determinant（但gender在其他地方没有这么重要了）。推出age在不同程度上比gender重要