土星的卫星Enceladus （有图）

noire1987

感谢lz.原来如此...早点看到就好了..我考到了这题..难死了...

paifei

太强大了，感谢楼主。

paifei

土卫二是第六大的土星 卫星 。[14]正是在1789年发现威廉赫歇尔 。[15直到两个旅行者飞船]通过靠近它在1980年代初，很少是关于这除了识别已知的小月亮水冰在其表面。 The Voyagers showed that the diameter of Enceladus is only 500 km , about a tenth of that of Saturn's largest moon, Titan , and reflects almost 100% of the sunlight that strikes it. Voyager 1 found that Enceladus orbited in the densest part of Saturn's diffuse E ring , indicating a possible association between the two, while Voyager 2 revealed that despite the moon's small size, it had a wide range of terrains ranging from old, heavily cratered surfaces to young, tectonically deformed terrain , with some regions with surface ages as young as 100 million years old.在旅行者表明，土卫二的直径只有500 公里左右的土星最大的卫星土卫六 ，是第十届，并反映了近100 阳光的打击它。 旅行者1％，发现土卫二在土星的轨道弥漫密集区E环 ，表明两者之间可能的关联，而旅行者2号透露，尽管该卫星的体积小，它有一个由老，重坑坑洼洼的地形等多种表面，年轻，构造变形地形 ，与表面老化，部分地区年轻的为100 亿岁。

In 2005, the Cassini spacecraft began to acquire additional data on Enceladus, answering a number of the questions opened by the Voyager spacecraft and starting a few new ones. Cassini performed several close flybys of Enceladus, revealing the moon's surface and environment in greater detail. 2005年， 卡西尼号飞船开始向土卫二上取得更多的数据，回答了一些问题开幕旅行者号探测器，开始数。 卡西尼进行密切的恩克再次对准几个新的，更加详细地揭示了月球表面的环境。 In particular, the probe discovered a water-rich plume venting from the moon's south polar region .特别是，调查发现了一个水资源丰富的羽从月球南部极地排气。 This discovery, along with the presence of escaping internal heat and very few (if any) impact craters in the south polar region, shows that Enceladus is geologically active today.这一发现，随着逃避内部的热量 ，很少存在（如果有的话，在南极地区）陨石坑表明，土卫二是地质活动今天。 Moons in the extensive satellite systems of gas giants often become trapped in orbital resonances that lead to forced libration or orbital eccentricity ; proximity to the planet can then lead to tidal heating of the satellite's interior, offering a possible explanation for the activity.在气体巨人广泛的卫星往往成为轨道共振被困导致强迫振动或轨道偏心系统朔，接近地球可以导致卫星的内部潮汐热 ，提供一个活动的可能的解释。

Enceladus is one of only three outer solar system bodies (along with Jupiter 's moon Io and Neptune 's moon Triton ) where active eruptions have been observed.土卫二是仅有的三个太阳系外机构（与木星氏卫星木卫一和海王星之月海卫 ）如火山喷发活动已经观察。 Analysis of the outgassing suggests that it originates from a body of sub-surface liquid water , which along with the unique chemistry found in the plume, has fueled speculations that Enceladus may be important in the study of astrobiology . [ 16 ] The discovery of the plume has added further weight to the argument that material released from Enceladus is the source of the E ring.对除气分析表明，它源于一分体表液体水 ，而随着中的独特化学羽发现，有刺激猜测，可能是土卫二的天体生物学研究的重要。[16]的发现羽增加了进一步加重了人们的争论，从土卫二公布的材料是在E环的来源。

jiaxizou

哈哈，CD里面的人太强悍了。

paifei

大众从旅行者计划任务的估计认为，土卫二是几乎全是水冰。[26]但是，根据恩克的卡西尼号上重力的影响，它的质量被确定为大大超过以往的思想，产生了1.61密度克 /厘米³。[4]这个密度高于土星的其他中等规模的冰卫星，这表明土卫二含有硅酸盐和铁的比例。 With additional material besides water ice, Enceladus's interior may have experienced comparatively more heating from the decay of radioactive elements.除了水冰与其他材料，土卫二内部可能遇到的放射性元素衰变较为加热。

Castillo et al. 2005 suggested that Iapetus , and the other icy satellites of Saturn, formed relatively quickly after the formation of the Saturnian sub-nebula, and thus were rich in short-lived radionuclides. [ 50 ] These radionuclides, like aluminium-26 and iron-60 , have short half-lives and would produce interior heating relatively quickly.卡斯蒂略等人。2005年建议， 土卫八 ，以及土星的其他卫星的冰，形成后土星分形成星云较快，因此在短期丰富寿命放射性核素。[50]这些放射性核素，如铝26和铁- 60，短半衰期，并会产生内部加热较快。 Without the short-lived variety, Enceladus's complement of long-lived radionuclides would not have been enough to prevent rapid freezing of the interior, even with Enceladus's comparatively high rock-mass fraction, given Enceladus's small size. [ 51 ] Given Enceladus's relatively high rock-mass fraction, the proposed enhancement in 26 Al and 60 Fe would result in a differentiated body, with an icy mantle and a rocky core . [ 52 ] Subsequent radioactive and tidal heating would raise the temperature of the core to 1000 K, enough to melt the inner mantle .没有短命的品种，土卫二的补长寿命放射性核素不会有足够的防止内部迅速冻结，即使土卫二的较高岩体分数给土卫二的体积小，，。[51]由于土卫二的相对高的岩石，质量分数，在26个基地和60个铁的建议改善，会导致不同的机构，与冰冷的地幔和岩石的核心 。[52]随后放射性和潮汐加热将提高核心温度为1000亩，足以熔体内部地幔 。


However, for Enceladus to still be active, part of the core must have melted too, forming magma chambers that would flex under the strain of Saturn's tides.

然而，土卫二的仍然是积极的，核心的部分也必须融化，形成岩浆商会将在土星的潮汐应变弹性。

Tidal heating, such as from the resonance with Dione or from libration, would then have sustained these hot spots in the core until the present, and would power the current geological activity. [ 53 ]

潮汐热如从与土卫四或天平共振，便拥有持续的核心，这些到现在的热点，并将权力现有的地质活动。[53]


In addition to its mass and modeled geochemistry , researchers have also examined Enceladus's shape to test whether the satellite is differentiated or not.

除了它的质量和模拟地球化学 ，研究人员还研究了土卫二的形状，以测试是否有区别的卫星与否。


Porco et al. 2006 used limb measurements to determine that Enceladus's shape, assuming it is in hydrostatic equilibrium , is consistent with an undifferentiated interior, in contradiction to the geological and geochemical evidence. [ 4 ] However, the current shape also supports the possibility that Enceladus is not in hydrostatic equilibrium, and may have rotated faster at some point in the recent past (with a differentiated interior). [ 52 ]波尔科等人。2006年使用的肢体测量以确定土卫二的形状，假设它在流体静力平衡的，是一个未分化的内部一致的，在矛盾的地质和地球化学的证据。[4]然而，目前的形状，又支持的可能性，土卫二是在流体静力平衡，并可能在某个旋转最近点快（有区别的内部）。[52]


2008年底，科学家们观察到的水蒸气从土卫二表面的喷发。 T

his could indicate the presence of liquid water, which might also make it possible for Enceladus to support life. [ 54 ] Candice Hansen, [ 55 ] a scientist with NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab in California headed up a research team on the plumes after they were found to be moving at ~2,189 kilometres per hour (1,360 miles per hour).
这可能表明液态水的存在，这也可能使土卫二有可能支持生命。[54]康迪斯汉森，[55]与美国航天局的喷气推进实验室在加利福尼亚的科学家领导的一个羽毛后，他们的研究小组发现动人?2189每小时（1,360英里每小时）公里。

Since that speed is unusual and is usually attained when water is involved, they decided to investigate the compositions of the plumes. [ 56 ]
由于速度是不寻常的，通常达到涉及水时，他们决定调查的羽组成。[56]

Evidence from the Cassini probe points to a possible global liquid ocean beneath the frozen surface. [ 57 ] Particles of ice analysed by Cassini revealed that the ice was of salt water which could, it is surmised, only occur in a large liquid body of water; as such Enceladus is a candidate for the harbouring of extraterrestrial life . [ 58 ] An alternative interpretation of the results is of large water filled caverns.证据的卡西尼号探测器指向一个可能的全球冰冻的表面下液体的海洋。[57]由冰粒卡西尼分析显示，冰盐水可能是，这是猜测，只发生在一个大的水体液体;因此土卫二是对的外星生命窝藏候选人。[58]的一个结果的另一种解释是充满洞穴大型水。


On August 13, 2009 scientists announced that analysis of the vapour spewing from Enceladus' south pole contain unusually high levels of salt in the ice grains.在2009年8月13日科学家宣布，从土卫二'南极喷出气体分析含有盐的异常冰粒高的水平。 Additionally, Cassini found traces of organic compounds such as carbonates and dust grains.另外，卡西尼号发现，例如碳酸盐和尘埃颗粒有机物的痕迹。 All these together strengthen evidence that an ocean does exist under the moon's surface.所有这些共同加强证据表明，海洋的存在下，月球表面。 The dust particles may be able to provide details that would normally require drilling to obtain.这些尘埃粒子可以提供详细资料，将通常需要钻探获得。


The presence of liquid water under the crust means there has to be an internal heat source.在液态水的存在下，地壳的手段，必须有一个内部的热源。 Scientists now believe it is a combination of radioactive decay and tidal heating [ 59 ] [ 60 ] , as tidal heating alone is not enough to explain the heat. Mimas , another of Saturn's moons, is closer to the planet and has a much more eccentric orbit , meaning the moon should be exposed to far greater tidal forces than Enceladus, and yet the object seems to be geologically dead judging from the old and scarred surface [ 61 ] .科学家现在相信，这是放射性衰变和潮汐热 [59] [60]的组合，如潮汐热不足以解释热量。 土卫一 ，土星的卫星另一个更接近地球，并有一个更为古怪轨道 ，这意味着月球应该受到比土卫二更大的潮汐的力量，但目标似乎是地质活动的死但从表面伤痕累累老[61]。

loveme25

非常有用啊~~太感谢楼主啦~~~！！！

同济的卡卡

有才！
但愿能考到“土星E卫星的发现与研究”！

appleyr

好强大~~感谢~

williams

学习科学了 哈哈~

阿狸猪

谁能解释一下土星的卫星到底讲个啥么？
看了一圈 还是晕晕乎乎的啊~~~