[20091212] GG@PKU

freeframe

1. Reading

1.1 Telegraph (seems duplicate before)

How the telegraph was delveloped diffrently in US and Europe, the reasons contributable and the impact of telegraph on other sorts of communication, of which is somtimes exaggerated by media.

1.2 Urbanization of ancient Egypt

How the ancient Egypt was urbanized, a traditional theory is introduced at first, followed by a comparison with urbanization of Mesopotamia (namely the elements affect the urbanizatoin, including, inter alia, trade) and new evidence newly collected which seem challenge the traditional theory, seems there are two different phases of urbanization, which are affected by different elements.

1.3 Impact of photography technology on arts

With the avent of photography technology in 18 century (?), the arts have been heavily affected, leading artists/public to pay more attention to the real world, to emphasize how the art can mirror the real world in a real (not idealized) way. Similarities of arts from different partsof Europe (UK, France(?)) are discussed. The last paragraph talks about the Impressionists (e.g. Monet), who were also inspired by photography, one example was that Monet would like to depict what an object is like before the first light hits it in the morning and how the object is like in different time within a day.

1.4 Plants' structuring protection

Plants' strucuring protection is traditionaly understood but studied more deeply recently. Two (?) selective studies are introduced to see how plant's structuring affect herbivorous and enable plants themselves to survive and evolve.

1.5 Birds' singing (seems duplicate before)

How birds develop their singing, gene vs environment, the studies show that gene determines the basic tune, and environment may contribute variation (dialect). Two kinds of birds are studies and compared, there seems a 6-month key period after born for birds to master singing.

2. Listening

2.1 M (Student) talks to F (Professor) on his paper, asking if he can choose one particular artist (M?) who are both good at drawing and architecture and very interested by the man, F is a bit surprised since it is a bit too late to choose/change the theme, and doubted if M is to use the same paper in two different classes, M clarified F's doubts, F suggested M to use this theme as another homework which is also required in the class, and recommend M to try publish the paper on a magazine of the university which focuses on the similar style/topic.

2.2 Symbiosis between a wood ant and a caterpillar, ants feed and protect the caterpillar and caterpillar provide honey to ants. A female student seems to be reluctant to give an example of symbiosis since she got the information from a children's show when watching TV with her little sister (there is question asking attitude/reason); a male student asked a question about whether the caterpillar gains more benefits from ants, and the teacher explains more.

2.3 [?]

2.4 F (Student) asked M (Administor) about the problem of laundry machine (stains of clothes) in the dorm. F orignially thought it was the problem of her own clothes but after a second try of different clothes the problem still exists, M said it might be problem of pipes since similar things happen in a different dorm before. Given the end of the semaster, M may only do a temporary repair of the machine/pipes due to which the laundry place may be closed for certain days. F also asked for refunding of her loss, M said it is the duty of another department.

2.5 cosmic rays.  rofessor introduced three ways to shield cosmic rays which is positive, (1) physical (e.g. water), (2) magnetic, (3) electrical (positive repels positive) and analyzed pros and cons of each methods, given the limitation of three ways, it is too hard to take long distance journey in a spaceship to date.

2.6 [?]

3. Speaking

3.1 What do you think of your job in the past or in the future?

3.2 Do you agree or disagree that university education shall be accessable to every one or certain excellent ones?

3.3

R: Funding program shall be operated/selected by student in stead of administor, supporting reasons such as students are more familiar, train learship and the like

L: M casts doubt on the statement in the reading, students might be too involved, they might just lend the money to their friends; students will be less interest since there are already similar opportunities but few participated so the learship training will be unlikely.

3.4

R: operational theory: negative conducts can be reduced by imposing negative impact/results and positive conducts can be increased by imposing positive impact/results.

L: Speaker illustrated the operational theory by introducing an example of Johnny, who is naughty in the classroom and asking questions without raising hands in advance, the teacher decrease Johnny's play time so that Johnny is aware of his impolite behavor and become less likely to naughty, concurrently, the teacher shall educate Johnny to ask by raising hands and praise Johnny's positive behavor, gradually Johnny will learn to ask questions by raising hands in advance.

3.5 M and F talk about F's new roomie, who sleeps early up early and has different time schedule with F, F has two options to solve the problems: (1) to adjust her schedule to be consistent with her new roomie, but F has low efficiency in the morning; (2) to go to library to study late, but F prefers her comfortable chairs in the department.

3.6 Different marketing (advertisement) methods in common products (e.g. coats) market which is pubic orientated (through mass media such as newspaper, magazine and the like) and speclialized product (e.g. office furniture) market which is selected customer orientated (through face-to-face talking and the like).

4. Writing

4.1

R: Single cycling system has certaim problems: (1) dangerous to workers, (2) contaminated to environment, (3) cost wasted

L: Speaker admits that SCS is not perfect but much better compared with traditional one, and further makes arguments against the threes points made in the reading: (1) workers can be trained to avoid danger; (2) on a big picture, contamination become less since an increasing number of families are willing to participate, (3) again on an overal basis, the cost and funds are saved, e.g. traditionaly two trucks are needed for one familiy and using SCS only one truck is sufficent.

4.2 Parents do not understand their children today as much as they did in 50 years ago.

Amber0926

呃。。真的好全面嘛

kisspiano062

超極感謝

HHC1203

thanks for sharing