[求助]再问L10-2-11，狂郁闷

weiyu

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11.    Recently    discovered    fossil    evidence    casts    doubt    on    the    evolutionary    theory    that    dinosaurs    are    more    closely    related    to    reptiles    than    to    other    classes    of    animals.    Fossils    show    that    some    dinosaurs    had    hollow    bones-a    feature    found    today    only    in    warm-blooded    creatures,    such    as    birds,    that    have    a    high    <I>meta</I>bolic    rate.    Dinosaurs    had    well-developed    senses    of    sight    and    hearing,    which    is    not    true    of    present-day    cold-blooded    creatures    like    reptiles.    The    highly    arched    mouth    roof    of    some    dinosaurs    would    have    permitted    them    to    breathe    while    eating,    as    fast-breathing    animals,    such    as    birds,    need    to    do.    Today,    all    fast-breathing    animals    are    warm-blooded.    Finally,    fossils    reveal    that    many    dinosaurs    had    a    pattern    of    growth    typical    of    warm-blooded    animals.    

The    argument    in    the    passage    proceeds    by    

(A)    attempting    to    justify    one    position    by    demonstrating    that    an    opposing    position    is    based    on    erroneous    information    

(B)    establishing    a    general    principle    that    it    then    uses    to    draw    a    conclusion    about    a    particular    case    

(C)    dismissing    a    claim    made    about    the    present    on    the    basis    of    historical    evidence    

(D)    assuming    that    if    all    members    of    a    category    have    a    certain    property    then    all    things    with    that    property    belong    to    the    category    

(E)    presenting    evidence    that    a    past    phenomenon    is    more    similar    to    one    rather    than    the    other    of    two    present-day    phenomena    

Why D is not right. D认为warm-blooded animals都具有certain properties, 所以任何具有这种性质的物质都属于warm-blooded animals. 是不是错在a certain property, 因为原文讲了3个properties? 我第一眼就选了D，狂郁闷！！！

delldell

答案是A么?

weiyu

sorry, I miss posting the answer. answer is E

lawyer_1

D必错.除WEIYU说的 A CERTAIN PROPERTY 外, 还有ALL MEMBERS 和ALL THINGS, 文中只提到SOME.


A错的原因:文中并没提到OPPOSING POSITION 的证据( ERRONEOUS INFORMATION)


答案为E: A PAST PHENOMENON 指SOME DINOSAURS (SHOWN BY FOSSILES)


TWO PRESENT-DAY PHENOMENA指REPTILES 和OTHER CLASSES OF ANIMALS

ecsniffer

我是这样理解的



D中所描述的是一种逻辑错误：如果某一类别的所有成员都具有某种特征，那么具备这种特征的所有事物，都属于这一类别


题目中在给三个论据（hollow    bones; well-developed    senses    of    sight    and    hearing: fast-breathing）的时候，都很明确的表达了only    in    warm-blooded    creatures、not    true    of    present-day    cold-blooded    creatures    、all    fast-breathing    animals    are    warm-blooded的意思


根据我们的常识animals就是分为warm-blooded creatures和cold-blooded creatures两种，所以推理中并没有犯D中的错误。


Particularly,在fast-breathing的论据中，题目中说的是all fast-breathing animals are warm-blooded，按D的逻辑，应该是Some dinosaurs are fast-breathing animals; All warm-blooded animals are fast-breathing animals；——>Dinosaurs are warm-blooded animals.


So D is wrong.


E: presenting    evidence    that    a    past    phenomenon(discovered    dinosaur fossils    )    is    more    similar    to    one(other    classes    of    animals)    rather    than    the    other(reptiles)    of    two    present-day    phenomena.

weiyu

thx. I get it.

weiyu

我居然搞反了充分条件和必要条件。faint.