麻烦大家帮忙看看“这几道题目，多谢了

piyue61

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1. Historian: We can learn about the medical history of individuals through chemical analysis of their hair. It is likely, for example, that Isaac Newton’s psychological problems were due to mercury poisoning; traces of mercury were found in his hair. Analysis is now being done on a lock of Beethoven’s hair. Although no convincing argument has shown that Beethoven ever had a venereal disease, some people hypothesize that venereal disease caused his deafness. Since mercury was commonly ingested in Beethoven’s time to treat venereal disease, if researchers find a trace of mercury in his hair, we can conclude that this hypothesis is correct.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the historian’s argument depends?

(A) None of the mercury introduced into the body can be eliminated.

(B) Some people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury.

(C) Mercury is an effective treatment for venereal disease.

(D) Mercury poisoning can cause deafness in people with venereal disease.

(E) Beethoven suffered from psychological problems of the same severity as Newton’s.

为什么选B,不选C

    

2. The interstitial nucleus, a subregion of the brain’s hypothalamus, is typically smaller for male cats than for female cats. A neurobiologist performed autopsies on male cats who died from disease X, a disease affecting no more than .05 percent of male cats, and found that these male cats had interstitial nuclei that were as large as those generally found in female cats. Thus, the size of the interstitial nucleus determines whether or not male cats can contract disease X.

Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

(A) No female cats have been known to contract disease X, which is a subtype of disease Y.

(B) Many male cats who contract disease X also contract disease Z, the cause of which is unknown.

(C) the interstitial nuclei of female cats who contact disease X are larger than those of female cats who do not contract disease X.

(D) Of 1,000 autopsies on male cats who did not contract disease X, 5 revealed interstitial nuclei larger than those of the average male cat.

(E) The hypothalamus is known not to be causally linked to disease Y, and disease X is a subtype of disease Y.

帮我解释一下题干.

    

3. Commissioner: Budget forecasters project a revenue shortfall of a billion dollars in the coming fiscal year. Since there is no feasible way to increase the available funds, our only choice is to decrease expenditures. The plan before you outlines feasible cuts that would yield savings of a billion dollars over the coming fiscal year. We will be able to solve the problem we face, therefore, only if we adopt this plan.

This reasoning in the commissioner’s argument is flawed because this argument

(A) relies on information that is far from certain

(B) confuses being an adequate solution with being a required solution

(C) inappropriately relies on the opinions of experts

(D) inappropriately employs language that is vague

(E) takes for granted that there is no way to increase available funds

B 是什么意思.文章中对应的adequate solution 和required solution是什么

    

4. Some good cooks are gourmet cooks who pride themselves on always using extravagantly rich ingredients in elaborate recipes. Some good cooks can be characterized as fast-food cooks. They may use rich ingredients as long as the recipes are easy to follow and take little time. Other good cooks are health food enthusiasts, who are concerned primarily with the nutritional value of food. But even though not all good cooks are big eaters, they all enjoy preparing and serving food.

If the information in the passage is true, which one of the following CANNOT be true?

(A) Most good cooks do not use extravagantly rich ingredients.

(B) Everyone who enjoys preparing and serving food is a good cook. 了

(C) More good cooks who use extravagantly rich ingredients are big eaters than are good cooks who do not use such ingredients.

(D) There are fewer good cooks who enjoy serving and preparing food than there are good cooks who are big eaters.

(E) Gourmet cooks, fast-food cooks, and cooks who are health food enthusiasts are all big eaters.

帮我翻译一下题干.

    

weiyu

1.Historian: We can learn about the medical history of individuals through chemical analysis of their hair(conclusion). It is likely, for example, that Isaac Newton’s psychological problems were due to mercury poisoning; traces of mercury were found in his hair. Analysis is now being done on a lock of Beethoven’s hair. Although no convincing argument has shown that Beethoven ever had a venereal disease, some people hypothesize that venereal disease caused his deafness. Since mercury was commonly ingested in Beethoven’s time to treat venereal disease, if researchers find a trace of mercury in his hair(Evidence), we can conclude that this hypothesis is correct. fficeffice" />

I choose the same choice as you at first glance. The conclusion is that the mercury is used in B’s medical history because mercury can be adopted to treat venereal that cause his deafness. In another word, mercury is used to treatment no matter it is effective or not, therefore C is not right. As B claims, if everyone in B’s time is ingested mercury no matter they got caught in venereal disease, Mercury might not be a medical treatment at that time.

2.人脑H子部位有一种I核子，公猫I核子通常比母猫小。但是一旦公猫德了X病，其I核子就和母猫一样大，所以可以用I核子大小来断定公猫是否德了X病

3. cut plan->saving(evidence); conclusion: saving->cut plan. Cut plan is the adequate solution to deficit, but not a required solution. There might be other solutions can dismiss the deficit issue.

    

4. 一些好厨师是美味厨师，他们…; 一些好厨师是快餐厨师，他们…; 还有一些厨师是健康食品厨师，他们….; 尽管不是所有的好厨师都有好胃口，但是所有的好厨师都喜欢做饭

piyue61

写了这么多真的是辛苦你了。非常感谢。