各位大侠来讨论如何攻克代词问题

dreadpower

2         关于代词指代，是个难点。大家来讨论一下，看能否解决这个难点



         dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=1265     smilinglan


         dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=3313     wdzc


         dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=15311     luoyx


         dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=15734     isuffering


         dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=16220     xianwharton


         dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=16733     xianwharton


         dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=17934     nettalker


         dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=19620     cz


         dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=22284     NeTman


         dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=25091     whitecloud


         dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=28264     ecsniffer


         dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=29736    深海的小美人鱼


         dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=35342     fern    


         dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=37237     fern


         以上是总结的语法区关于代词的一些问题，大家可尝试的解答一下，或归纳一下。看合大家之力，可否找到对付代词的办法。


         大家在解答分析这些帖子的时候，最好把题目复制下来，然后在我这个帖子下面跟帖，这样跟帖可形成一个总体的比较，有利于大家归纳代词这个知识点，谢谢大家了

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-2-19 19:49:57编辑过]

dreadpower

我先来， 以下是引自fern的提问，和我的一些总结：

OG-234.                         The physical structure of the human eye enables it to sense light of wavelengths up to 0.0005 millimeters; infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength—0.1 millimeters—is too long to be registered by the eye.

(A) infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength—0.1 millimeters—is too long to be registered by the eye

(B) however, the wavelength of infrared radiation—0.1 millimeters—is too long to be registered by the eye making it invisible

(C) infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength—0.1 millimeters—is too long for the eye to register it

(D) however, because the wavelength of infrared radiation is 0.1 millimeters, it is too long for the eye to register and thus invisible（A）

(E) however, infrared radiation has a wavelength of 0.1 millimeters that is too long for the eye to register, thus making it invisible



代词.非划线部分的enables it to sense的IT指什么呢,应该是EYE吧,可是代词不是不可以指代修饰成分中的名词吗, The physical structure of the human eye中的EYE应该是修饰成分吧?

             个人观点：it指代eye肯定没错，没听说代词不可以指代修饰成分中的名词的说法，请大家指点

    

        此处有个关于代词的总结：ETS允许同一代词的主格和物主形式指代不同的对象(its it)

         这个句子里，it指代eye，its指代infrared radiation's

            

         类似的例子可见：大全366

366. In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vintners have cut prices; their wines have been priced to sell, and they are.
(C) are priced to sell, and they do


    

    

lltas

代词.非划线部分的enables it to sense的IT指什么呢,应该是EYE吧,可是代词不是不可以指代修饰成分中的名词吗, The physical structure of the human eye中的EYE应该是修饰成分吧?


    


             个人观点：it指代eye肯定没错，没听说代词不可以指代修饰成分中的名词的说法，请大家指点

我也听说代词不可以指代修饰成分中的名词，比如 文中出现 Mike's bike 的话， 就不能用he 来指代Mike了；我在第一次看这题时也产生和fern一样的疑问。是不是用of引导的修饰成分中的名词不在此例，或者"代词不可以指代修饰成分中的名词的说法"根本就不成立？

另：能否解释一下366？题的意思也不明白。谢谢。


    

jnlvo

366就是og129，og解释很清楚

donna

太好了，大家一起讨论！！！

ecsniffer

dreadpower gg的建议先顶一下再来讨论

ios

以下是引用dreadpower在2004-2-19 20:01:00的发言：

此处有个关于代词的总结：ETS允许同一代词的主格和物主形式指代不同的对象(its it)

         这个句子里，it指代eye，its指代infrared radiation's

                 类似的例子可见：大全366

呵呵，这两个例子都是用分号分割的两个句子哦。


如果是一个句子，“ETS允许同一代词的主格和物主形式指代不同的对象(its it)”，这种说法？？？？

dreadpower

         恩,楼上的说的有道理,大家有什么例子吗??


             还有,大家不要只讨论一个题目,上面每个帖子都有题目,请大家发表看法

ecsniffer

来回答一个自己以前的疑问



关于 A of B，后面的代词可不可以指代B的问题，现经确定是可以的。


OG234就是一个很好的例子


    234. The physical structure of the human eye enables it to sense light of wavelengths up to 0.0005 millimeters; infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength—0.1 millimeters—is too long to be registered by the eye.

(A) infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength—0.1 millimeters—is too long to be registered by the eye

(B) however, the wavelength of infrared radiation—0.1 millimeters—is too long to be registered by the eye making it invisible

(C) infrared radiation, however, is invisible because its wavelength—0.1 millimeters—is too long for the eye to register it

(D) however, because the wavelength of infrared radiation is 0.1 millimeters, it is too long for the eye to register and thus invisible

(E) however, infrared radiation has a wavelength of 0.1 millimeters that is too long for the eye to register, thus making it invisible

the key: A。这里的it就指代the human eye。

另一例：og227

    227. Judicial rules in many states require that the identities of all prosecution witnesses are made known to defendants so they can attempt to rebut the testimony, but the Constitution explicitly requires only that the defendant have the opportunity to confront an accuser in court.

(A) that the identities of all prosecution witnesses are made known to defendants so they can attempt to rebut

(B) that the identities of all prosecution witnesses be made known to defendants so that they can attempt to rebut

(C) that the defendants should know the identities of all prosecution witnesses so they can attempt a rebuttal of

(D) the identities of all prosecution witnesses should be made known to defendants so they can attempt rebutting

(E) making known to defendants the identities of all prosecution witnesses so that they can attempt to rebut

the key:B。

看og解释：

Choices C and E awkwardly place the plural noun witnesses between the plural pronoun they and its referent, defendants.

说明这个they完全可以指代witnesses。

再来一例：

OG:90

90.         Since 1986, when the Department of Labor began to allow investment officers’ fees to be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations began paying their investment advisers a small basic fee, with a contract promising higher fees if the managers perform well.

(A) investment officers’ fees to be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations began

(B) investment officers’ fees to be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations began

(C) that fees of investment officers be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations have begun

(D) fees of investment officers to be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations have begun

(E) that investment officers’ fees be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations began

the key: D。D中的they指代investment officers。

欢迎指正！

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-2-21 19:25:35编辑过]

dreadpower

         以下引自美人鱼的帖子：


13.    A    majority    of    the    international    journalists    surveyed    view    nuclear    power    stations    as    unsafe    at    present    but    that    they    will,    or    could,    be    made    sufficiently    safe    in    the    future.
(A)    that    they    will,    or    could,
(B)    that    they    would,    or    could,
(C)    they    will    be    or    could
(D)    think    that    they    will    be    or    could
(E)    think    the    power    stations    would    or    could





答案D，虽然E中没有代词that,但是在这里不怕指代不清楚吗？如果加上that，是不是E更好呢？


         这个问题，我的个人看法是：代词指代只按句子逻辑意思来，也就是先默认无指代错误，然后看D和E哪个好。深层次的来看，假设D中的they指代有歧义，用the    power    stations    代替，那么代入原句读一下，是不是很累赘呢？？？


再看，21.    A    proposal    has    been    made    to    trim    the    horns    from    rhinoceroses    to    discourage    poachers;    the    question    is    whether    tourists    will    continue    to    visit    game    parks    and    see    rhinoceroses    after    their    horns    are    trimmed.
(A)    whether    tourists    will    continue    to    visit    game    parks    and    see    rhinoceroses    after    their    horns    are
(B)    whether    tourists    will    continue    to    visit    game    parks    to    see    one    once    their    horns    are
(C)    whether    tourists    will    continue    to    visit    game    parks    to    see    rhinoceroses    once    the    animals’    horns    have    been
(D)    if    tourists    will    continue    to    visit    game    parks    and    see    rhinoceroses    once    the    animals’    horns    are
(E)    if    tourists    will    continue    to    visit    game    parks    to    see    one    after    the    animals’    horns    have    been


这里答案是C。还是指代不清和清楚的问题。ETS真的是琢磨不透。在这里有开始介意指代不清楚的问题了。


各位发表下意见。除了明显的语法错误之外，怎么样排除指代不清楚的问题。


     这个问题我觉得C中没有任何指代不清的问题。


     总结：我做题目的时候，就是默认无指代错误，或者说所有代词按逻辑意思指代，看有无其他不同，发现几乎所有题目都不可能只考代词歧义！！深层次考虑，假设ETS只考代词歧义，那么肯定是说不清正确答案的，因为本来就是歧义，怎么能考呢？