[求助] 白勇语法注解 section1

ohkiller

10． The fear of rabies is well founded; few people are known to recover from the disease after the appearance of the clinical symptoms.
（A）few people are known to recover from the disease after the appearance of the clinical symptoms.
（B）few people are known to have recovered from the disease once the clinical symptoms have appeared
（C）there are few known people who have recovered from the disease once the clinical symptoms have appeared
（D）after the clinical symptoms appear，there are few known people who have recovered from the disease
（E）recovery from the disease is known for only a few people after the clinical symptoms appear

答案是B
我有些疑惑B答案中 末尾完成时heve appeared是否该用过去时appeared？
请牛人赐教 谢谢

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-2-1 14:47:12编辑过]

aeoluseros

once后面可以跟过去式也可以用完成时，区别在于用完成时是表示频率意义上的Once(多少次)，用过去式表示的是时间上的once（曾经）.

Once, as an associated adverbial, has meanings which vary according to whether a present or past time orientation is intended. For example, I have seen him once contains once in a frequency sense("how often"), while I saw him once contains once in a time position sense(when).  -- Quirk<a comprehensive grammar>

alohabrian

恩，这题百思不解，现在终于领悟。

ETS有一大流氓逻辑。就是介词+名词永远修饰之前的名词，ets认为

few people are known to recover from the disease after the appearance of the clinical symptoms.

这样会产生歧义。

所以A错，A的时态没问题，当然B也可以。

aeoluseros

A的时态有点问题：在be known to后面要用完成时.简单说当be known 和 do sth的发生的时间一致时，用be known to do sth；而do sth发生在be known之前时，则要用be known to have done sth。逻辑上可以发现known在recover之后了,所以要用have recovered.

alohabrian

关于时态的问题，我一直有疑惑。

谢谢版主提示。

但这提我还有疑问，就是B中once 之后为什么用完成时。为什么用现在完成时，不用一般过去时，或者过去完成时。他不是发生在recover之前的吗？

aeoluseros

单个人来讲，appear肯定是发生在recover之前，但是对于一个群体来讲就说不清楚那个前那个后了（比如这个人recover的时候另一个人刚好又appear了），这时候可以视作一同发生.

alohabrian

版主的这个解释，我认为比较牵强。我认为有点太发散了。