In the 1930’s and 1940’s, African American
industrial workers in the southern United States, who
constituted 80 percent of the unskilled factory labor force there, strongly supported unionization.
While the American Federation
of Labor (AFL) either excluded African Americans or maintained
racially segregated unions, the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) organized integrated
unions nationwide on the basis of a stated policy of equal rights
for all, and African American unionists provided the CIO’s backbone. Yet it can be argued that through
contracts negotiated and enforced by White union members,
unions—CIO unions not excluded—were often instrumental in maintaining the
occupational segregation and other forms of racial discrimination that kept African
Americans socially and economically oppressed during this period. However, recognizing employers’
power over workers as a central factor in African Americans’
economic marginal ization, African American workers saw the need to join with White workers
in seeking change despite White unionists’ toleration of or support
for racial discrimination. The persistent efforts of African American unionists
eventually paid off: many became highly effective organizers, gaining the
respect of even racist White unionists by winning victories for White as
well as African American workers. African American unionists thus succeeded in
strengthening the unions while using them as instruments of African Americans’
economic empowerment.
GWD-9-Q21:
The
passage is primarily concerned with
A.
demonstrating that unions failed to address the concerns of African American
workers during a particular period
B. arguing that African American
workers’ participation in unions during a particular period was ultimately
beneficial to them
看逻辑简图
C.
contrasting the treatment of African American
workers by two different labor organizations during a particular period
D.
giving reasons for the success of African American unionists in winning
victories for both African American and White workers during a particular
period以偏概全
E.
questioning one explanation for the attitudes of
African American workers toward unionization during a particular period
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GWD-9-Q22:
According to the passage, which of the following was true of many racist
White unionists during the period discussed in the passage?
A. Their attitudes toward African American union organizers changed
once they recognized that the activities of these organizers were serving
workers’ interests.
gaining the respect of
even racist
White unionists by winning
victories for White as well as
African
American workers.
B.
They were a powerful element in the southern
labor movement because they constituted the majority of the unskilled factory
labor force in the southern United States.
C.
They persisted in opposing the CIO’s adoption of a stated policy of equal
rights for all.无关
D.
Their primary goal was to strengthen
the negotiating power of the unions through increasing White union membership. 无法推出
E.
Their advocacy of racial discrimination hampered unions
in their efforts to gain more power for workers.无法推出
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GWD-9-Q23:
The
author of the passage suggests which of the following about African
American workers who participated in union activities in the 1930’s and
1940’s?
A.
They believed that the elimination of discrimination within unions was a
necessary first step toward the achievement of
economic advancement for African Americans.
B.
They belonged exclusively to CIO unions because they were excluded from AFL
unions.无从谈起
C. They believed that the economic
advancement of African American workers depended on organized efforts to
empower all workers.
African
American unionists thus succeeded
in
strengthening the unions while
using them as instruments of
African
Americans’ economic
empowerment.
D.
Some of them advocated the organization of
separate African American unions because of discriminatory practices in the AFL
and the CIO.
E.
Many of them did not believe that White
unionists in CIO unions would tolerate or support racial discrimination against
African American workers.
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发表于 2008-10-7 22:28:00
