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23. 二战期间的黑人工会描述 Essay #4. 094 (21680-!-item-!-188;#058&00094-00)
Some historians contend that conditions in the United States during the Second World War gave rise to a dynamic wartime alliance between trade unions and the African American community, an alliance that advanced the cause of civil rights. They conclude that the postwar demise of this vital alliance constituted a lost opportunity for the civil rights movement that followed the war. Other scholars, however, have portrayed organized labor as defending all along the relatively privileged position of White workers relative to African American workers. Clearly, these two perspectives are not easily reconcilable, but the historical reality is not reducible to one or the other.
Unions faced a choice between either maintaining the prewar status quo or promoting a more inclusive approach that sought for all members the right to participate in the internal affairs of unions, access to skilled and high-paying positions within the occupational hierarchy, and protection against management's arbitrary authority in the workplace. While union representatives often voiced this inclusive ideal, in practice unions far more often favored entrenched interests. The accelerating development of the civil rights movement following the Second World War exacerbated the unions' dilemma, forcing trade unionists to confront contradictions in their own practices.
Question #11. 094-01 (21726-!-item-!-188;#058&000094-01) The "unions' dilemma" mentioned in the highlighted text can best be described as the question of whether or not to (A) pressure management to create more skilled and high-paying positions (B) fight for greater union participation in management decisions (C) include minority workers in their membership (D) extend full rights and benefits to all their members (E) emphasize the recruitment of new members over serving the needs of current members
Question #12. 094-02 (21772-!-item-!-188;#058&000094-02) According to the passage, the historians mentioned in the first highlighted portion of text and the scholars mentioned in the second highlighted portion disagree about the (A) contribution made by organized labor to the war effort during the Second World War (B) issues that union members considered most important during the Second World War (C) relationship between unions and African Americans during the Second World War (D) effect of the Second World War on the influence of unions in the workplace (E) extent to which African Americans benefited from social and political changes following the Second World War
Question #13. 094-06 (21818-!-item-!-188;#058&000094-06) The passage is primarily concerned with (A) providing a context within which to evaluate opposing viewpoints about a historical phenomenon (B) identifying a flawed assumption underlying one interpretation of a historical phenomenon (C) assessing the merits and weaknesses of a controversial theory about a historical phenomenon (D) discussing the historical importance of the development of a wartime alliance (E) evaluating evidence used to support a particular interpretation of a historical phenomenon
u 二战期间黑人的地位有所提高，在工资，投票权等方面。黑人加入了一个什么组织（专有名词）为了获得更多的好处。可是60年代后期发生了变化,工会什么的。。。。记不得了。有问题问黑人为什么要加入那个组织。 RC JJ-300 版本1 | 二战时的黑人UNION RC里有一篇说在二战期间商业union和African American的关系，后者是一个重视劳工权利的组织。 第一段，很多历史学家认为二战使这两者出现暂时妥协，列举妥协的方面。其实这种观点并不能准确反应史实。 第二段，在二战期间，这两者从来没有放弃过自己的目标，如U怎样，A怎样，但是迫于现实，不得不怎样。而事实上，U追求高利润，对A的活动有影响，反过来，A的运动也冲击了U的利益。 （出考场后，听一同考试的一个男生说也遇到了说这两者的文章，不过内容并不一样,我们猜想是同一个专题里面的不同部分） | 版本2 | 这篇以前没什么机经. 我试着补充一下: 历史雪茄对二战期间工会地位的研究是不对的. 一部分认为二战加强了工会间white worker and aferican worker 的合作以共同追求对citizenship的 权利(大致, 不一定准). 另一部分认为二站试得工会必须更加区分white and aferican worker的权利.这两观点不可协调,其实, 历史的真相是reducible(有题, 问reducible指什么现象) 对either 观点的. 其实, 二战间工会的地位是进退两难的.后面看的不认真, 反正指工会即要这样, 又要那样的. (不重要)
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PS 答案我补充了!!这是一篇PP里的阅读
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发表于 2008-8-18 19:44:00
