七月三，天气晴

井圣

first: 新发现证明黑洞与银河系形成有很强的关系 。有两个理论。1黑洞在星系形成之前。2黑洞在星系在黑洞形成之后。有个人支持第一个理论，有证据说黑洞里有大量的夸克——解释夸克是能量来源（有题）---。
一题 发现新证据之前大家认为 我选 黑洞在银河系形成中不起什么 role
二题 主题题 说2各理论支持一个
三题 夸克的作用
四题， 忘了

这个是最像的了，而且从头到位都充斥这“bubble”这个词

magicbaby

第一段讲宇宙存在一种物质，dark。本来科学家以为暗物质密集在星系中心，后来由于一种方法(microbenting好像是这么写的，即光线曲折——暗物质本身无法被观察到，但是就像月食日食一样，如果它经过另一个发光的星星，科学家就能察觉到它了)，科学家发现其实是星系边缘有大量暗物质。密度跟行星差不多，这个东西在宇宙中应该占据绝大部分质量，是太阳的1/10 占宇宙重量的90%  balabala。主要介绍定义和目的。 第二段讲观测，说传统方法很难观测到，天文爱好者观测 dark物质通过他们和发亮的星星之间是时产生的一种类似于日食（及光亮度下降）的现象，定义现象A 第三段讲观测到的A明显比预计的要多，作者的态度并不是很肯定，而且星系内部的暗物质似乎大于外部的，与以前的估计相左。说他们的观测方法需要改进，而且在改进之前他们并不愿意公开他们的研究结果。在谈论观测方法时，有强转折（此处有题）。 问题1、 天文爱好者为什么对dark物质感兴趣（即测定暗物质的目的）？我选的：因为可以dark物质account for宇宙的大部分质量 问题2、为什么要改进观测方法？ 我选的：因为他们不知道现在overestimated多少 问题3、第三段谈乱观测方法强转折处有题。 问题4、科学家为什么要研究黑洞,答案是因为他们觉得黑洞可能组成了宇宙间大部分的物质的重量, (750) 问题5、考以下哪种情况不是科学家预先假设的,这题在A和B中我不确定,因为时间比较紧来不及仔细看,原文应该能找到. A选项是黑洞的不规则的SIZE和***** B选项是microlensing这个现象大多发生在galaxy的中心,我猜了B但是感觉不对, (750) 问题6、好象说以下哪个不是事实,我选的是科学家认为microlensing大多发生在宇宙边缘(还是中心?忘记了),定位在原文的最后一句话(750) Stava说，本文章需要注意的地方在对dark的观测。

我看到300篇里面能和黑洞扯上边的好象只有这个，请楼主确认。

magicbaby

楼主说的在300篇里能麻烦给个题号吗

jesuisdesole

以下是引用magicbaby在2008-7-4 10:18:00的发言：

楼主说的在300篇里能麻烦给个题号吗

我没有完全局限在３００里啊，有好多真的是直接从ＢＡＩＤＵ搜的，回头尽量把年代标一下吧

jesuisdesole

以下是引用井圣在2008-7-4 9:45:00的发言：

first: 新发现证明黑洞与银河系形成有很强的关系 。有两个理论。1黑洞在星系形成之前。2黑洞在星系在黑洞形成之后。有个人支持第一个理论，有证据说黑洞里有大量的夸克——解释夸克是能量来源（有题）---。
一题 发现新证据之前大家认为 我选 黑洞在银河系形成中不起什么 role
二题 主题题 说2各理论支持一个
三题 夸克的作用
四题， 忘了

这个是最像的了，而且从头到位都充斥这“bubble”这个词

bubble...

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-7-4 12:36:26编辑过]

magicbaby

http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2000/21/

谢谢楼主提醒，我找到上面这个连接是关于黑洞吃太饱了饱得吐泡泡的发现，大家再google一下看看能不能找到原文吧

flyingcold

麻烦哪位大虾找到原文了给贴上来 大家看看

myamanda

Feasting Black Hole Blows Bubbles

A monstrous black hole's rude table manners include blowing huge bubbles of hot gas into space. At least, that's the gustatory practice followed by the supermassive black hole residing in the hub of the nearby galaxy NGC 4438. These NASA Hubble Space Telescope images of the galaxy's central region clearly show one of the bubbles rising from a dark band of dust. The other bubble, emanating from below the dust band, is barely visible, appearing as dim red blobs in the close-up picture of the galaxy's hub (the colorful picture at right). The background image represents a wider view of the galaxy, with the central region defined by the white box.

Why is the black hole blowing bubbles?
        

These extremely hot bubbles are caused by the black hole's voracious eating habits. The eating machine is engorging itself with a banquet of material swirling around it in an accretion disk (the white region below the bright bubble). Some of this material is spewed from the disk in opposite directions. Acting like high-powered garden hoses, these twin jets of matter sweep out material in their paths. The jets eventually slam into a wall of dense, slow-moving gas, which is traveling at less than 223,000 mph (360,000 kph). The collision produces the glowing material. The bubbles will continue to expand and will eventually dissipate.

这是16楼找到的，我贴一下，估计不是这个吧

lsaurora

背景信息

BLACK HOLE BLOWS BUBBLE BETWEEN THE STARS

A team of astronomers from The Netherlands and the UK has discovered a vast ‘jet-powered bubble’ formed in the gas around a black hole in the Milky Way. The discovery means that for decades scientists have been severely underestimating how much power black holes pump back into the universe instead of swallowing across their event horizons.

Jets of energy and particles flowing outwards at close to the speed of light are a common feature of all accreting black holes, ranging from supermassive black holes at the centres of active galactic nuclei to stellar-mass black holes in X-ray binary systems within our own Galaxy.

However, (for the first time?) European astronomers have now discovered a large bubble surrounding an X-ray binary system. The bubble is approximately 10 light years across, and is predicted to be expanding with a speed of around 100 km per second (225,000 mph). It appears to have been formed by the action of a powerful outflow or ‘jet’ of energy and matter from the black hole over a time scale of about a million years.

The new, detailed radio observations of a black hole called Cygnus X-1 show a ring of radio emission around a bubble in the nearby interstellar gas - the result of a strong shock that develops at the location where the jet strikes the rarefied gas of the interstellar medium.

The jet that created the bubble seems to be carrying more than 100,000 times the total luminosity of our Sun, and yet the only evidence for this incredible flow of energy is its impact on the tenuous gas between the stars, resulting in the expanding bubble.

“We already knew that supermassive black holes at the centre of other galaxies produce enormous amounts of energy, but this finding proves that something similar is happening in our backyard,” said Elena Gallo of the University of Amsterdam, lead author of the paper which will appear in this week’s issue of Nature. “Remarkably, it also means that, after a massive star dies and turns into a black hole, it is still capable of energising its surroundings, by means of completely different mechanisms.”

“The importance of this result is that it demonstrates that black holes such as Cygnus X-1, of which there may be millions within our galaxy alone, do not swallow all of the infalling matter and energy, but rather redirect a considerable fraction of it back into space,” added Rob Fender of the University of Southampton, second author on the paper.

“We knew about jets from black holes and expected to discover some interaction of the jet’s energy with the gas in our Milky Way, but the size and energy content of this bubble came as a surprise,” added co-author Dr. Christian Kaiser, also of the University of Southampton.

The team has ruled out the possibility that the ring might be the low-luminosity remnant of the supernova that spawned the black hole. Since Cygnus X-1 moves in the sky along a trajectory that is roughly perpendicular to the jet, it cannot possibly have been located in the centre of the ring.

cecila

听说GMAC都会将原文改写的，估计看看背景也好的