现在分词整理(完)

Mayanist

再谢，分析得非常好，受益匪浅！

按照你的分析，我觉得做定语更合理，于是查了一下薄冰的语法，发现其中有一个分词/短语做非限定性定语的例子：He was a great realist, writing ordinary men and women in their misfortunes. 与我们OG10-39/OG11-104的句子结构几乎一样，这就印证了你的第二种分析。

这样你的分析就可以帮我们理解四种常见情况了，现引用如下，请确认/指正：

songlovegt：可以看出be动词和一般动词其后接现在分词确实有区别。
            

(1) 主句（其中一般动词谓语) + doing 分词，现在分词可能做定语修饰其紧跟名词，也可能做状语修饰主句，此时须考虑现在分词修饰逻辑问题。（无逗号）

(2) 主句（其中是be动词谓语) + doing 分词，现在分词只能做定语修饰其紧跟名词。（无逗号）

(3) 主句（其中一般动词谓语), + doing 分词做状语。（有逗号）

(4) 主句（其中是be动词谓语) ，+ doing 分词，分词做非限定性定语。（有逗号）

其中第一种情况最为复杂，希望能找到合适的例子多多体会

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-2-10 13:52:52编辑过]

songlovegt

也谢谢你，Mayanist

以后我遇到此类句子会回来补充。
也希望能有更多的CDer看到此帖，寻找相关的例子，帮助完善讨论。

Mayanist

大全877好像是个挺好的一个例子：

Traveling the back roads of Hungary, in 1905 Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, and they were armed only with an Edison phonograph and insatiable curiosity.

(A) Traveling the back roads of Hungary, in 1905 Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, and they were armed only

(B) In 1905, Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály, traveling the back roads of Hungary, began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, and they were only armed

(C) In 1905 Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, traveling the back roads of Hungary armed only

(D) Having traveled the back roads of Hungary, in 1905 Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology; they were only armed（C）

(E) Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály, in 1905 began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, traveling the back roads of Hungary, arming themselves only

值得讨论的是答案C中armed的作用，前人们大量讨论都没有结果，请看看是否是前面省略了and，与现在分词traveling并列作状语。谢谢！

Mayanist

Two questions below are also relevant:

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=23&ID=184283&page=1

刘振民的2个矛盾的题，请大家赐教！

LZM：12-18题，in one of the most stunning reversals in the history of marketing, the coca-cola company in july 1985 yielded to thousands of irate consumers demanding that it should bring back the original coke fomula.

B: demanding it to

D: who demanded that it  

答案选D,为什么不选B

7-2题，by a vote of 9 to0, the supreme court awarded the centeral inteliigence agency broad discretionary powers enabling it to withhold from the public the identitities of its sources of intellligence information.

A: enabling it to withhold from the public

答案选A，2题一样，为什么12-18中不选B。

其实这两题非常好地体现了分词做定语 与 从句作定语 的区别：

分词表持续性动作--discretionary powers一直都enabling，非持续性动作demand用在从句更合适：consumers who demanded ...

songlovegt

的确是个难题，
我觉得
t980402 解释的很有道理

    

I
think you can't put "and" between "travelling ..." and "armed with
....." If so, both two phrases would be used to decorate the main
clause. However, "armed with" is an additional information for the
phrase preceded.

另外，大N, tianwan, 也表达了同样的意思

C.
                    In
1905 Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály began their pioneering work in
ethnomusicology, traveling the back roads of Hungary armed only with an
Edison phonograph and insatiable curiosity.
        

traveling是分词短语作伴随状语，armed是形容词短语作方式状语。状语有修饰谓语动词的，有修饰全句的。
        

应该有2种理解：
        

1、都是全句的状语，中间不必用and隔开（只有同类而且近义(quietly and evenly)的状语必须用and隔开，
                同类对照(quickly but silently)的状语必须用rather than、but或yet）。
                如：Parents may complain that their child eats badly at meals. 我们没有必要在badly和at meals中间加上个and. 又如：He probably went to Japan
                    by air twice
                    in 1962.
        

2, armed修饰traveling。
        

第一种理解可能更合理一些，而且我觉得这种问题有些钻牛角尖了，好像对做题没有帮助，我们承认这种现象是可以的，记住就可以了。另外4个选项的错误是明显的。我们做题的时候只能使用排除法，ETS出题是不会让你一眼看出答案的，要不GMAT就不会这么难了。Shinogigi（760的高分）曾教导过我们这一点。

我更倾向于他的第二个解释，即armed做状语修饰traveling.

大N, Snazzy, 的例子
Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.

disguised as a minstrel 也可以理解为做状语修饰 visiting Danish camps.

Mayanist

谢谢提供这么深入的讨论，不过我倾向于第一种理解，即修饰全句，且没有必要用and连接。因为从逻辑上 Edison phonograph 和 insatiable curiosity都是创作的因素，与travelling联系不大。

songlovegt

又是一个关于第一条总结的例子
(1) 主句（其中一般动词谓语) + doing 分词，现在分词可能做定语修饰其紧跟名词，也可能做状语修饰主句，此时须考虑现在分词修饰逻辑问题。（无逗号）

In the past several years, astronomers have detected more than 80 massive planets, most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle other stars.

(A) most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle

(B) most of them as large or larger than Jupiter and circling

(C) most of them at least as large as Jupiter, circling

(D) mostly at least as large as Jupiter, which circle

(E) mostly as large or larger than Jupiter, circling

答案是C

这个题具有很强的欺骗性，很像是 circling 前面有逗号分隔

可实际上,most of them at least as large as Jupiter, 为插入成分，所以还是应该按照第一条总结对待。

如果 circling想要作为定语修饰 Jupiter 应该无逗号隔开。

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-2-18 2:46:27编辑过]

Mayanist

以下是引用songlovegt在2009-2-18 2:29:00的发言：
又是一个关于第一条总结的例子
(1) 主句（其中一般动词谓语) + doing 分词，现在分词可能做定语修饰其紧跟名词，也可能做状语修饰主句，此时须考虑现在分词修饰逻辑问题。（无逗号）

In the past several years, astronomers have detected more than 80 massive planets, most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle other stars.

(A) most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle

(B) most of them as large or larger than Jupiter and circling

(C) most of them at least as large as Jupiter, circling

(D) mostly at least as large as Jupiter, which circle

(E) mostly as large or larger than Jupiter, circling

答案是C

这个题具有很强的欺骗性，很像是 circling 前面有逗号分隔

可实际上,most of them at least as large as Jupiter, 为插入成分，所以还是应该按照第一条总结对待。

如果 circling想要作为定语修饰 Jupiter 应该无逗号隔开。

很好的例子，但是我认为这里分词为非限定性修饰。如果是限定性修饰，那么说明还探测到一些massive planets不 circling other stars，这就不和逻辑了；而且去掉这个分词成分，不影响句子理解。（补充一下：又查了一下薄冰语法书，上面有一个do谓语+“，”+分词做非限定定语的例子：I met one friend, fishing. 在那个例中，他说fishing是修饰friend的。虽然感觉这个例子并不非常好，但是希望作为对51楼的补充）

我这么理解是从非限定性和限定性定语从句的关系推论的，我对于非限定和限定性分词修饰的区别还是比较弱，希望大家继续讨论。

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-2-18 5:54:39编辑过]

songlovegt

还应该是限定性修饰 massive planets circling other stars 指明了planets 的特点，缩小了范围。

天蝎座1107

哇 好热闹的帖子啊